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乡村垃圾变宝记:垃圾分类减量 风景取代垃圾池

2017-07-17 18:45:41   经济参考报

□记者 于力 孙仁斌 沈阳报道

位于苏子河下游的古楼村隶属于辽宁抚顺新宾县上夹河镇,一年多前还在河边摆放的脏乱垃圾池不见了,取而代之的是古朴典雅的水岸长廊和美丽花草。像古楼这样找不到垃圾的村在全县还有25个,作为试点村,他们为全县全面推行垃圾分类减量积累了经验。

新宾县是全国生态建设重点县,“山上绿树葱葱,山下垃圾成堆”是这个县多年的真实写照。县委书记那学成说,农村的垃圾基本上散倒在村边、道边、沟边、河边,整治农村垃圾一直在搞,但突击式、运动式的整治并未改变“脏乱差”状况。

针对顽疾,2016年初,新宾县提出实行“政府主导、农民主体、妇女主力、社会参与”的办法,推行垃圾分类减量,全县181个行政村,第一年启动26个试点村,2017年启动87村,第三年全县铺开。

在古楼村村民李广珍家,记者看到在院里菜地一角,一块蓝色的大塑料布蒙在一个坑上面,李广珍告诉记者,剩菜剩饭都倒在坑里留着沤粪,炉坑里的草木灰也是好肥料,倒到地垄里,种的土豆、地瓜不长疤。“那些塑料瓶是等着卖的,那些秸秆直接烧大锅”,李广珍说,只要动动手分一分,什么垃圾都能派上用场。

上夹河镇党委书记程佩林介绍说,在试点村,要求村民将垃圾分为可沤粪和其他垃圾,其他垃圾细分为可卖、可燃、可填埋和有毒有害垃圾四类。

记者在这个县的胜利村、李家村、下青村、大琵琶村等几个村了解到,村里有专门的封闭垃圾车定时收集各户分类垃圾,可沤粪的垃圾可以自留也可送到村公共沤粪池,成肥后分回农户;可卖垃圾由村里定期联系废品回收;可燃垃圾在自家坑烧掉;建筑垃圾由村民自行填坑平整村路或由村里收集统一使用;电池、农药瓶等有毒有害垃圾由村里统一收集送相关部门科学处理。

“泔水开门泼,垃圾随处扔”是农户多年养成的习惯,记者在部分试点村看到,各村结合本村实际采取不同的办法转变村民观念,适应垃圾分类。

针对一开始群众参与度不高的问题,一些试点村提出了党员和村民代表公示制,党员在家门口挂党旗,村民代表挂国旗,标注姓名,在发挥示范作用的同时,还分别包户推广。

经过一年多的推进,26个试点村垃圾分类减量取得初步成效。古楼村村主任谷怀春说,2013年村集体花2万元在河堤上建了10个垃圾池,雇用一个保洁员清理垃圾,每天都要往垃圾场运送垃圾3到4车,垃圾除不净还给村里造成了很大的经济负担。“如今一天的垃圾量不足一车,原来每年4万元卫生整治费用也减少了一半。”

据了解,26个试点村垃圾产生量平均减少70%以上,保洁人员减少11人;垃圾箱(池)取消了411个,环境卫生运行费用由年86万元减少到60万元。

2017年,新宾县又启动了87个村,记者在新启动的几个村看到,垃圾分类工作正在稳步推进,村民的观念已发生重大变化,正努力适应垃圾分类的新的生活方式。

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