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规范地方融资行为 财政部首次推出“公路债”

2017-07-13 13:51:42   经济参考报

财政部12日消息,财政部、交通运输部日前联合印发《地方政府收费公路专项债券管理办法(试行)》(以下简称“管理办法”),明确2017年在政府收费公路领域开展试点,发行收费公路专项债券,规范政府收费公路融资行为。这也是近期继出台土地储备专项债券管理办法之后,财政部为地方规范举债开的又一道“前门”。

根据管理办法,地方政府收费公路专项债券(以下简称收费公路专项债券)是地方政府专项债券的一个品种,是指地方政府为发展政府收费公路举借,以项目对应并纳入政府性基金预算管理的车辆通行费收入、专项收入偿还的地方政府专项债券。办法还明确,政府收费公路,是指根据相关法律法规,采取政府收取车辆通行费等方式偿还债务而建设的收费公路,主要包括国家高速公路、地方高速公路及收费一级公路等。

管理办法明确,地方政府为政府收费公路发展举借债务采取发行收费公路专项债券方式。发行收费公路专项债券的政府收费公路项目应当有稳定的预期偿债资金来源,对应的政府性基金收入应当能够保障偿还债券本金和利息,实现项目收益和融资自求平衡。收费公路专项债券纳入地方政府专项债务限额管理。

管理办法明确,收费公路专项债券资金应当专项用于政府收费公路项目建设,优先用于国家高速公路项目建设,重点支持“一带一路”、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带三大战略规划的政府收费公路项目建设,不得用于非收费公路项目建设,不得用于经常性支出和公路养护支出。任何单位和个人不得截留、挤占和挪用收费公路专项债券资金。

财政部、交通运输部有关负责人指出,过去地方发展收费公路主要有两种模式,一种是由社会投资者运用BOT等经营性模式建设,另一种是由县级以上交通运输部门采用“贷款修路、收费还贷”模式建设。随着预算法(2014年修订)的实施和《国务院关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》(国发〔2014〕43号)的印发,地方原有各类交通融资平台的政府融资功能被取消,发行地方政府债券成为地方政府实施债务融资新建公路的唯一渠道。政府收费公路“贷款修路、收费还贷”模式需要相应调整,改为政府发行专项债券方式筹措建设资金。

“政府收费公路有长期稳定的收益来源,有可靠的通行费和广告、服务设施收入以及政府收费公路权益转让收入作为债务偿还的来源,为及时偿付专项债券创造了更加有利的条件。”上述负责人指出,目前,我国公路发展还处于成网的关键时期,适度发展政府收费公路有利于路网的完善优化,发行政府收费公路专项债券有利于拓展公路建设筹资渠道,也有利于规范地方政府举债行为。

业内认为,未来专项债的发展有望提速。中诚信国际研究院、地方政府与城投行业分析师杨小静对《经济参考报》记者表示,考虑到地方政府在基础设施领域依然具有巨大的融资需求,而基础设施建设类项目适用于地方政府专项债之类的政府债券。因此,未来一方面在地方政府债的规模上,尤其是专项债的规模上,会在预算范围内有增长的需求;另一方面,会积极拓展专项债的发行类别,以匹配地方基础设施类项目的融资需求。(记者 孙韶华)

(责编:乔雪峰、夏晓伦)

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