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政府收费公路融资改革:告别银行贷 发行“公路债”

2017-07-13 18:27:20   新华社

新华社北京7月12日电 题:告别银行贷 发行“公路债”——政府收费公路融资迎颠覆性改革

新华社记者赵文君、刘红霞、申铖

财政部、交通运输部12日联合对外发文,决定今年在政府收费公路领域试点发行收费公路专项债券。

从昔日政府高度依赖银行借贷筹资修路,到未来政府只能靠发债破解融资难题,这一颠覆性改变能否缓解我国收费公路建设融资困境,防范收费公路债务风险?

开“前门”补融资缺口

2016年全国收费公路统计公报显示,2016年全国收费公路债务余额为4.86万亿元,其中政府还贷公路2.61万亿元,经营性公路2.25万亿元。

这样的债务余额意味着什么?“相当于政府还贷公路每收10元通行费,有7元需要支付给银行等债权人用于偿还债务利息,其中不包含偿还债务本金支出。”交通运输部规划研究院高级工程师王燕弓说,由于债务规模较大、银行贷款融资成本偏高,使得收费公路特别是政府还贷公路的利息负担十分沉重。

2016年,政府还贷公路的利息支出为1278亿元,占1811亿元通行费收入的70.6%。“无论是政府还贷公路还是经营性公路,建设投资的七成左右都是以银行贷款为主的债务性资金。”王燕弓说。

自从2015年《预算法》修订出台后,国家对政府举债方式收紧和规范,政府不能再靠银行贷款对新修建的收费公路进行融资。原先政府“贷款修路、收费还贷”的模式无法为继,必须开辟新的融资渠道,满足全国所有收费公路的建设需求。

我国收费公路分为“政府还贷公路”和“经营性公路”两部分,前者是指政府交通主管部门利用贷款修建的公路,后者是指社会资本通过BOT方式投资建设或者有偿受让收费权的公路。

按照国家公路网规划,到2030年,我国将建成11.8万公里国家高速公路网,另规划1.8万公里远期展望线,基本实现高速公路对城区20万以上人口城市的全覆盖。截至2016年底,国家高速公路网已经建成通车9.92万公里,完成了约73%的建设目标,剩下的主要集中在中西部地区,大多是难啃的“硬骨头”。

交通运输部科学研究院高级工程师杨建平说,由于经营性公路对投资回报的要求,在公路建设经济效益偏低、但社会效益非常高的地区和路线,依然需要依靠政府出面,通过依法发行专项债券的方式筹集收费公路建设资金,就是开“前门”补融资缺口。

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