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资本弥补历史欠账 企业和基层干部成土地流转接盘手

2017-06-13 09:07:10   经济参考报

原标题:资本弥补历史欠账 企业和基层干部成土地流转接盘手

作为我国“三农”政策重心之一,农村土地流转在广东如火如荼。土地流转的强劲东风把城市工商资本刮进农业领域,带动了资金、技术、人才的聚集,激发了广东农业全链条变革,农业利润、农民收入有了明显增长。

《经济参考报》记者调研发现,在农村土地流转过程中,“村干主导、资本下乡、农民进城”特点显著,相当部分流转土地的“接盘手”,是城市工商企业主和县镇村三级干部,或者是他们与本地种养大户的联合体。在此期间,应警惕下乡资本对农民小散户产生的挤出效应。

资本下乡弥补农村历史欠账

据广东省农业厅统计,目前,广东省农村土地呈现“三分天下”状况:三分之一已实现流转,规模达800万亩;三分之一客观环境条件不适合连片种养,难以流转;还有三分之一尚可流转。伴随着资本及知识强势下乡,“三农”历史欠账得到极大弥补,农业基础设施水平和现代化率迅速提高。

广东的土地流转并不是“一户农民承包几户的地”那样的简单加减法。流转连片的土地,承租经营者采用企业化、工厂化经营方式,投入巨大的启动资金,平整成片,改水改土,从机耕、灌溉等硬件设施,到种苗和养殖、管理技术,全面改造升级,经营品种以经济作物和禽畜养殖为主,资金投入强度动辄以百万元、千万元计,并非一般“农村种养大户”可以企及,而往往依赖于城市工商资本下乡。资本所有者有的是外来企业家,有的是外出经商的本地乡亲。

流转经营3000余亩的湛江市下辖廉江市良垌镇中塘村村支书兼村主任全王新说:“土地整理连片、机耕设施、水肥一体化灌溉,都是刚性投资,是投资农业的起步阶段。”土地流转合同一签订,田间第一个景象就是大量农机进场。

资本强势下乡,“三农”历史欠账得到极大弥补,农业基础设施水平和现代化率迅速提高。2010年—2015年,广东农业科技贡献率、主要农作物耕种收综合机械化水平分别提高了10.7个百分点和9.5个百分点。全省水稻耕种综合机械化水平已达到67%。新科技在农业领域得到广泛的实践和应用。

伴随资本下乡的是知识强势下乡。拥有大学学历,到过美国、以色列等地考察农业技术,也是广东下乡投资者的“流行标配”。他们给农村带去种养生态化、管理精细化、产品高档化的理论和实践。

珠海绿手指份额农园创始人邹子龙拥有中国人民大学和北京大学学位,合伙承租经营300亩土地种植应季有机蔬菜。他说,在珠海经营仅仅一年半时间,有票据的大宗投资已超过1000万元,其中技术和设备投资占大头。“很多设备都是高技术产品。喷灌系统是进口的,用手机APP控制,一个淋喷头就要270多元。”

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