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赖远明:解码高原冻土难题的“魔法师”

2017-06-11 17:51:42   央视网

央视网消息:被誉为“天路”的青藏铁路,其中有一半是多年冻土地段。冻土含有丰富的地下冰,对温度极为敏感,遇冷冻结遇热融化下沉,铁路建在这样的路基上很容易出现破裂或者塌陷,这个被称为举世无双的世界冻土工程难题,却被中科院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所的赖远明团队用普普通通的石块攻克了。

赖远明,中科院院士,寒区工程、土木工程专家,世界冻土研究的领跑者,被称为解码高原冻土难题的“魔法师”。

 从贫寒中走来的中科院院士

20世纪90年代,在一次出差的火车上,赖远明第一次听到“冻土”,“与一位搞冻土研究的人聊天,听到这个词的时候,感觉浑身一冷,鸡皮疙瘩都起来了。”他怎么都不会想到,自己这个南方人竟与高原冻土结下了不解之缘。

1962年,赖远明出生在江西龙南县一个青山环抱、偏远安静的客家山村。小时家庭非常贫困,到上中学时还要上山砍柴卖钱增加家庭收入。赖远明从小勤奋好学,是全村第一个大学生。本科毕业后,赖远明考入兰州交通大学土木系读研究生。硕士毕业后,他选择留在了兰州,而且还扎了根,“我在江西只待了21年,在甘肃已经32年了。”除了乡音未改,赖远明已经完全融入了西北。本科读矿山机械,硕士学位是土木工程。赖远明的博士学位又一次跨行到了冻土科学。

那个年代,研究冻土是绝对的冷门,当时在兰州交通大学土木系任教的赖远明,对冻土更是一无所知。当得知冻土研究在国际上还有很多空白,有许多问题需要解决时,他对这个“冷门学科”有了一种莫名的亲近。1996年,赖远明在中科院寒旱所(当时的兰州冰川冻土研究所)攻读博士学位,开始了和冻土的亲密接触。

(图片来源:新华网)

  与青藏高原冻土结缘20载

2001年,青藏铁路开工,高原和冻土是青藏铁路修筑中必须解决的重大难题。这个科研任务落在了赖远明所在的研究所。

“最难的是没有相关学术规范,而理论分析又是最难攻克的。”作为“青藏铁路工程与多年冻土相互作用及其环境效应”项目的负责人之一,赖远明带领实验室的科研人员克服高寒缺氧的困难,一次次去施工现场,采样本,测数据。

有一次,赖远明和同事们在海拔4600米的昆仑山隧道采岩样,由于隧道还没有打通,空气流通不好,要进入隧道内六七百米的地方工作,空气更加稀薄。“当时高原反应很严重,但是想着进来一次不容易,还是坚持把样本采完。那次回来后,落下了后脑勺疼的病根,治了两三年才好转。”赖远明说。这次“负伤”解决了青藏铁路风火山隧道、昆仑山隧道衬砌和保温措施的参数优化设计问题,消除了冻胀和融化对这两座冻土隧道的破坏作用。这两个隧道目前已经服役12年,没出现任何问题。

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