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金融业布局土地流转全面提速 专家建议加快法律修订

2017-06-08 08:03:12   经济参考报

首笔土地流转履约保险赔付落地,互联网金融企业入局

金融业布局土地流转全面提速

利好政策连出,专家建议加快法律修订进程

金融服务正在加速渗透土地流转的各个环节。日前,全国首笔农村土地经营权流转履约保证保险在四川完成赔付,这被业内认为是农地流转风险防控机制取得了进展。与此同时,多家互联网金融企业也开始“解囊”布局农村土地相关业务。

专家表示,金融业加速布局土地流转能有效拓宽土地经营者的资金来源渠道,但是因为土地经营权不是完整物权,快速变现存在困难。为此,应加快法律修订进程,提升农村土地经营权在市场上的流通性,从而实现实质上的突破。

农村土地经营权流转履约保证保险是今年中央一号文件提出的农地流转风险防控机制中的一项重要创新尝试。过去土地流转常因经营不善、业主转型等非正常性中止的情况,让农民租金“打水漂”。而现行政策法律体系中,对土地流转缺乏强有力的约束机制,双方违约代价偏低,风险因此居高不下。从2015年开始,成都市探索引入保险机制,只要土地承租业主违约退出,农民因此蒙受的损失都可以得到保险公司补偿。此外,成都市将对规模经营面积在50亩以上参保户进行财政补贴。据悉,该市刚刚完成的首笔赔付涉及了54户村民,保险公司共支付保险赔款31.75万元。

数据显示,我国目前流转比例已超过农村承包地总面积的三分之一,流转总面积超过4亿亩。

有专家表示,当前中国农村可流转的土地价值估算约为100万亿元,其中耕地约40万亿元。随着我国农村土地流转率每年逐步提升,金融业对布局农地流转的兴趣也在逐步增加,一些互联网金融企业意识到了其中的投资机会,纷纷入局。

近日,京东金融宣布战略投资一家线上土地流转平台——聚土网。有分析称,通过这项投资,京东金融可以更精准地获得农村金融服务的客户,并且与聚土网合作对农户进行征信评估,把控风险,为合乎风控标准的农户提供土地流转贷款,开创土地流转金融服务O2O新模式。据了解,京东金融和聚土网目前已经合作开发出了“土地租金分期贷”的金融产品。

但实际上,我国土地流转过程中的金融服务一直是薄弱环节。如何进一步激活这些“沉睡”的土地资产,是当前“三农”领域迫切需要解决的问题。《经济参考报》记者在衡阳力丰现代农业发展有限公司采访时发现,该公司在当地流转了6000亩土地,同时以“公司+合作社+农户”的模式发展了1万多亩土地种植萝卜和梨树,已累计投入8000多万元,今年计划再投入数千万元。但该公司的资金来源主要是靠老板之前做物流行业的积蓄,以及拿物流企业和私人的资产进行抵押贷款。据公司负责人吴力介绍,农业缺少抵押物进行融资,尽管有些地方探索土地经营权抵押贷款,但也只是杯水车薪。

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