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我国炼油产能过剩一亿吨

2017-06-12 17:39:29   经济参考报

原标题:我国炼油产能过剩一亿吨

当前我国炼油行业产能过剩问题突出,部分产能面临退出或转型选择。日前在上海举行的第三届中国石油与化工可持续发展论坛上,专家认为,我国成品油需求增速大幅放缓,但芳烃和烯烃等基础有机化工原料仍大量短缺,呼吁炼油企业从“燃料型”向“化工型”转型升级。

石油和化学工业规划院副院长白颐说,按照全球炼油企业平均开工率83%计算,我国炼油产能过剩一亿吨;若按照我国每年成品油消费量3.15亿吨,65%的成品油收率和80%的开工率计算,合理配置炼油能力为每年6.1亿吨。而当前我国现有炼油能力达每年7.48亿吨,每年过剩1.38亿吨。目前我国炼油行业产能过剩率大约在13%至18%。

综合考虑未来国内经济增长率、汽车保有量、天然气及电动汽车替代等多种因素影响,预计2020年国内成品油需求量为3.7亿吨,年均增长率约3.5%,按照65%的成品油收率和80%的开工率计算,届时合理配置炼油能力应为每年7.1亿吨,预计2020年全国炼油能力达每年8.2亿吨左右,届时过剩能力将维持在1.1亿吨,过剩形势依然严峻。

随着近年来我国原油进口“两权”对非国营炼油企业逐步开放,地方炼油能力得到进一步释放。截至2016年底,国家对22家地方炼厂发放了每年8193万吨原油使用配额,地方炼厂开工率不断提升。炼油市场竞争主体多元化趋势更加明显。同时,随着国内成品油定价机制不断完善,油品市场化进程逐步加快,地方炼厂凭借价格优势和其经营的灵活性,多方位拓展油品销售渠道,成品油市场份额稳步提升,主营炼厂在此冲击下份额不断下滑,国内成品油市场竞争更加白热化。

一方面是炼油能力不断扩大,另一方面,我国成品油需求增速已经逐渐放缓。2016年我国成品油消费量28948万吨,同比增长5.0%,其中汽油同比增长12.3%,柴油同比下降1.2%。

替代燃料的发展将加剧国内成品油市场竞争。近年来,替代燃料发展迅速,国内交通替代呈现多元趋势,逐渐形成了以天然气为主,电动车、甲醇、生物燃料以及煤制油等多种能源发展格局。虽然新能源汽车补贴不断退坡,但低碳环保的理念以及科技性能不断提升使得新能源车仍充满魅力。

自主新能源车品牌云度新能源汽车公司总经理刘心文看好新能源汽车市场前景。他说,新能源汽车已经深度融入人们的日常生活。从技术方面看,这是新兴领域,我国自主电动汽车技术与国际传统大车企相差不大,并不惧怕国际竞争。

专家认为,在国内炼油能力严重过剩,成品油需求增速大幅放缓,但芳烃和烯烃等基础有机化工原料仍大量短缺的背景下,我国炼油企业从“燃料型”向“化工型”转型升级已是大势所趋。

白颐预计,国际油价会长期维持在每桶50美元至60美元之间,预计“十三五”期间我国石化产业维持4%至5%的增长速度,并加快结构调整。

“当前纯炼油的产能扩张一定要谨慎。”白颐说,当前我国石油化工领域的产业结构调整趋势是长期的,也是迫切的,预计在“十三五”期间调整步伐将进一步加快。未来,炼油产业的任务将从大量生产成品油逐步转变为满足市场对高品质清洁油品需求的同时,尽可能提高烯烃、芳烃等基础化工原料产品比例,以为下游高端新材料、专用化学品和精细化工产业发展提供更加优质的原料保障,从而进一步拓展炼化行业发展空间,并带动整个行业的提质增效和转型升级。

专家还提出,要加强我国化工新材料和高端专用化学品的研发和生产。白颐说,高端专用化学品的发展方向是高性能和环保。高端专用化学品约占专用化学品总量的30%,其中大约1/3依靠进口。

(责编:贾兴鹏、杨曦)

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