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养老保险制度非“陷阱” 年轻人不愿参保因不懂

2017-05-15 17:16:26   北京晚报

养老保险制度并非“陷阱”

最近几天,有两条关于养老金的消息非常火爆。一条是“今年养老金上调开始落地 上海已率先发放到位”,另一条则是“现行养老保险制度对年轻人来说充满陷阱”。养老金年年涨,享受人群的待遇逐年提高,退休人员乐了,可还一直交着钱尚未领取过待遇的年轻人却盘算着,养老保险这个“买卖”到底划不划算?甚至有个别人干脆主动不参保。这究竟是怎么回事?

养老保险费率高 实际到手工资少

《现行养老保险制度对年轻人来说充满陷阱》的消息采用了清华大学就业与社会保障研究中心主任杨燕绥的观点,杨燕绥认为,现行的养老保险制度对于年轻人来说,既看不到实在的收益,又缺乏激励性,而且还充满陷阱,政府必须加快养老保险改革的步伐以增强制度对年轻人的吸引力。

杨燕绥的话不假。此前,我国养老、医疗、失业、工伤、生育五项社保的缴费比例,企业为29.8%(养老20%、医疗6%、失业2%、工伤1%、生育0.8%),个人已经达到11%左右,合计超过了工资的40%。劳动者大都习惯按照税后标准来衡量自己的工资水平,以月工资实到手4000元来计算,企业实际要付出的成本是7400多元,除了税费、公积金等,很大一部分都是社保的缴费。不少中小企业都抱怨社保的费率太高,已经严重影响了他们的招人用人。2016年,虽然调整了部分险种的缴费费率,但下降幅度并不大,例如缴费占最大头的养老保险,单位缴费费率从20%下降到19%,只下降了一个百分点,还是让人们觉得降得太少,“不解渴”。

于是,就有了消息中所说的——一些年轻人认为交社保并不“划算”,尤其对社保中占到“大头”的养老保险,没什么信心。相对于看起来渺茫的养老保险,一些人宁愿先拿到更多的现金来应付当前的生活。

自由职业者自掏腰包挂靠社保

不过,记者了解到的情况是,主动放弃社保或者中途退保只是极个别的现象,绝大多数人担心的不是未来能不能领到养老金,而是万一没有了社保,自己在大城市的生活都会受到影响。

51社保CEO余清泉一直是在一线从事社保实务工作,相比之下,他更加了解人们参保的实际情况。他的感觉是,这几年,年轻人的社保意愿并没有降低,反而是强烈升温。2016年,51社保发布了《中国企业社保白皮书·2016》,该调查显示,企业社保参保覆盖面已经连续几年高于90%,2016年达到了92.8%。在对企业一线社保管理人员的调查中,64.53%的人力资源管理者感觉到员工咨询社保问题的热度及员工社保意识呈现略微上升或显著增强的态势。 还有一个最直接的数据是社保争议也随之升温。广州市中级人民法院发布《广州劳动争议诉讼情况白皮书》(2014-2016)显示,近3年来受理的5.3万多宗案件中,涉及社会保险纠纷的案件出现了大幅上升,社保纠纷占劳动争议案件超过40%。

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