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扭转学生体质下滑问题已经刻不容缓

2017-09-18 08:56:39   央广网

片面追求升学率的影响,家庭和学校都存在重智育、轻体育的倾向,学生课业负担过重,休息和锻炼时间严重不足,这种倾向无异于竭泽而渔。

女子800米纪录是1977年创造的、女子100米纪录要追溯到1979年、男子110米栏纪录为1981年创造……据东北某省会城市学生体育艺术发展中心的统计,当地的中学生运动会纪录普遍“沉睡”多年,有的项目甚至40年无人打破。

与中学生运动会纪录多年无人破相对应的,是让人乐观不起来的青少年体质健康指标。广州市教育局公布的2016学年中小学生体质健康状况抽测结果显示,对比《国家学生体质健康标准》,抽测优秀率仅2.6%,不及格率达16.2%,重度近视率为49.8%。作为教育水平相对发达的一线城市,广州的情况并非特例,中小学生体质水平下滑已经成为一个不容忽视的问题。

与1985年相比,2010年大学生肺活量下降了近10%;大学女生800米跑、男生1000米跑的成绩分别下降了10.3%和10.9%,学生或者过重或者过瘦,近视率接近90%。另据国新办《2015中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告》显示:全国18岁及以上成人超重率、肥胖率及6~17岁儿童青少年超重率、肥胖率和近视率比2002年大幅增加。

更不要心怀侥幸以为这只是中小学生课业压力较大无暇锻炼,等上了大学工作后情况会有所好转。此前《中国青少年体育发展报告(2015)》指出,在爆发力、耐力、力量素质等多项检测中,大学生身体素质整体不如中学生。有意见认为,我国大学生普遍健身意识淡薄,一方面延续了高中的惯性,对体育锻炼不重视。此外,很多大学生生活无规律,加之网络占据了他们大部分的业余时间,严重缺少体育锻炼和必要的体力活动。显然,对于体育锻炼的爱好与习惯如果没有较早养成,成年后再想培养爱好习惯只会更加困难。

“年轻身体好”在今天也已成为一个伪命题。除了体检数据上的下滑,此前频发的青年或学生猝死事件给人们敲响了警钟,青少年体质健康水平的下降不止影响未来,更可能直接造成当下的悲剧。除此之外,作为人生重要的成长阶段,体育对于青少年一人格、体格、性格的塑造,情商、智商等能力的培养有着深刻影响。片面追求升学率的影响,家庭和学校都存在重智育、轻体育的倾向,学生课业负担过重,休息和锻炼时间严重不足,这种倾向无异于竭泽而渔。

就学校而言,体育教育满足基本升学需求即可,点到即止,没有必要也没有动力在这上面投入过多资源;就家长和学生而言,“学习成绩为首要目的”。如此一来全社会几乎已经形成一种隐形“默契”,多动不如少动,少动不如不动。有小学开学时推广橄榄球运动,因家长认为橄榄球太暴力容易受伤而作罢。因为担心学生出现意外伤害,很多体育老师不敢上项目,像“跳山羊”、单双杠等传统项目正悄悄退出中小学体育课。一些学校废止了多年来运动会上3000米、5000米跑的传统项目,只是因为《国家学生体质健康标准》提出硬指标要求,不得不保留一些基本内容。我们总不能还指望这样一种氛围下诞生的一批体质孱弱的青少年,成为未来的家庭支柱和社会栋梁。

从社会到教育系统,必须转变“成绩为上,体育可有可无”的错误观念,从家庭氛围和习惯养成,到政策上健全学校体育工作机制和督导制度,全方位促进青少年体质水平的提升。少年强则中国强。青少年是国家和民族的未来,肩负着中华民族伟大复兴的重任,更寄托着实现美丽中国梦的殷切希望。这其中,青少年的体质健康尤为重要,它不仅关系到青少年个人的健康成长和幸福生活,更关系到整个国家的强盛和民族的兴旺。

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