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正值九月开学季,有关教育的话题持续走热。尤其是在刚刚过去的教师节,很多人回忆恩师的谆谆教诲时,也乐于分享这样的“糗事”:因为没有按时完成作业,被罚站两个小时;上课走神张望,头顶突然飞来一截粉笔头;与同学争执打闹,结果俩人在罚站中握手言和……大家不无感慨:感谢那些“黑色经历”,让我们成为了更好的自己。
一句“感谢”,表达了人们在历经世事后的感受:当年偷懒懈怠时听到的那句怒喝寄予着期望,调皮捣蛋时耳旁的那句批评蕴含着关心。“严是爱,宽是害”是我们教育孩子的传统信条,以此反观当下教育,似乎“严”的成分越来越少,大有落入“你好我好大家好”之嫌。随着“鼓励教育”“赏识教育”等理念席卷社会,批评惩罚孩子似乎成了“有问题的事儿”。别说扔粉笔头,老师就是说话声音重一点、语速急一点,都可能招致一波连锁反应——学生告状、家长投诉、校方批评。久而久之,“传道授业者”便或主动或被动地当起了“好好先生”。
孩子是祖国的“花朵”,老师则被尊称为辛勤的“园丁”。何谓园丁?绝不仅仅是浇浇水施施肥,盛赞幼苗的美丽,更要勤于修剪枝丫,助其长成参天大树。少年儿童心智尚不成熟,对一些事情缺少明确的是非观念,有理有力的批评教育恰恰是帮助其树立正确人生观价值观的必要手段。更何况,人都有惰性,都会有犯懒的时候,学习从来就不是一件欢天喜地的事儿,一定有辛苦甚至偶尔会很痛苦,很多时候需要外部强制力的推动。如是而论,只会鼓励而不敢惩戒,无论什么时候都对学生“让步”,甚至一味纵容其身上的问题,这样的教育无疑是有缺陷的。
教育,无论是传统的还是现代的,最终都是为了促进人的全面发展,帮助下一代提高生存能力。批评惩戒和赏识鼓励乃并不相悖的两种方式,有些时候,“当头棒喝”甚至比温言软语更有效果。北宋丞相丁谓曾在看望授业先生时坦陈,“小年狭劣,荷先生教诲,痛加梗楚,使某得成立者,皆先生之赐也”。即便素来以赏识教育著称的西方,也相当重视教师的批评惩戒权。比如英国就有条规定:允许教师在历经劝告无效的情况下,采取包括身体接触在内的必要手段,迫使不遵守纪律的学生遵守纪律。类似要求在美国、澳大利亚等国均不鲜见。
“严厉”并非是要回到“戒尺在手,学生俯首”的旧时代,而是呼吁回归教育的本质。有赏识的助力,亦有批评的雕琢,我们的孩子才能从顽皮无知的蒙童成长为堪当大任的栋梁。
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