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PPI涨幅回升应予特别关注

2017-09-11 07:52:38   央广网

本报特约评论员

上半年我国经济增速略有回升,由此刺激了增长预期,也会是诱发价格上行的原因。在各地楼市调控限制了投资投机性购房空间的情况下,要警惕社会闲置资金进入生产资料和大宗商品领域,人为炒作导致价格持续上行。以上因素可能同时存在并发挥作用。

国家统计局9日公布8月份全国居民消费价格指数(CPI)和工业生产者出厂价格指数(PPI),CPI同比上涨1.8%,环比上涨0.4%;PPI同比上涨6.3%,环比上涨0.9%。其中,PPI同比和环比涨幅再次呈现明显回升状态,应当予以特别关注。

虽然PPI的大幅上升已经持续了一段时间,但此前PPI同比曾经连续54个月下降,直到去年9月才由负转正;环比也连续26个月下降,直到去年3月才由负转正。只要存在一定的市场需求,价格就不可能一直降到哪里去,随着内生动力和外部环境的变化,适时由降转升是一个必然事件。而市场规律所致,在没有特别的大事件或大趋势的影响下,这种恢复性大幅增长也会适时放缓。正因为如此,全国工业生产者出厂价格同比涨幅在今年2月达到7.8%的最高点,随后呈回落之势,5月、6月、7月三个月持续稳定在5.5%的水平上;全国工业生产者购进价格指数涨幅今年3月份达到10%的最高点,随后也逐月回落,7月份回落至7%的水平。

但值得注意的是,国家统计局刚刚发布的数据显示,8月份出厂价格同比涨幅回升至6.3%,比上月高0.8个百分点,环比涨幅为0.9%,比上月高0.7个百分点;购进价格同比涨幅回升至7.7%,比上月高0.7个百分点,环比涨幅为0.8%,比上月高0.8个百分点。

PPI涨幅的明显回升,与近期生产资料市场的异动有直接关系。从大的行业看,8月份煤炭、石油及天然气开采加工、黑色有色金属相关行业,价格涨幅都在两位数的水平上。国家统计局发布的24个省(区、市)流通领域9大类50种重要生产资料市场价格监测旬报显示,去年最后一旬,50种产品中价格环比上涨的有19种,下降的25种,上涨了6种。而今年8月中旬,价格上涨的产品增加到32种,8月下旬更增加到35种。9个大类中,黑色金属、有色金属、农产品、林产品、农业生产资料等5个大类,所属产品均呈上涨之势。

尽管从购进到出厂到销售,价格的传导会逐级递减,但如果PPI持续高涨,最终会有部分涨价因素传导到销售领域。8月份CPI同比涨幅为1.8%,不仅为2月份以来的最高水平,且是月度涨幅上升幅度最大的一个月。虽然从分类数据尚不能直接印证大宗商品的涨价影响,但与以往不同的是,曾经长期领涨的食品类涨幅,目前在八大类中已居末位,非食品类涨幅已经大大超过了食品类涨幅,由此也可判断,PPI的传导因素或已经开始发生作用。

从生产、投资等主要领域各项经济指标观察,目前尚难把大宗商品涨价的原因归结为供需关系的变化。特别是投资,近几个月来增速呈小幅向下态势,而这种变化与“去产能”是否有关,业界和坊间也有不同看法。从逻辑上说,“去产能”去掉的应该是落后、过剩的产能,但值得警惕的是,为了完成淘汰任务,是否有重总量而忽视结构的现象存在?即使淘汰的都是落后产能,但产能结构发生变化,剩下相对中高端的生产能力,由此也可能在一定程度上带来成本的上升和价格的上涨。

此外,上半年我国经济增速略有回升,由此刺激了增长预期,也会是诱发价格上行的原因。在各地楼市调控限制了投资投机性购房空间的情况下,最需要警惕的是,一些社会闲置资金进入生产资料和大宗商品领域,人为炒作导致价格持续上行。以上这些因素有可能同时存在,并同时发挥作用。

当务之急,相关政府职能部门应当尽快深入市场调查研究,切实掌握价格波动的主要原因,对症下药,合理调控,引导市场预期,防范炒作风险。如果等到CPI领域出现较大价格波动再去调查研究琢磨对策,可能就来不及了。

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