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燕赵晚报:教科书“致命错误”亟须科学导航

2017-09-06 09:17:22   中国青年网

开学了,小朋友们领到新教科书,有的已迫不及待翻看起来。但如果教科书上的知识错了呢?9月4日,长沙市红十字会救护员罗格发现,湖南省义务教育地方课程实验教科书《生命与健康常识》关于“溺水怎么救护”的内容,存在两处“致命错误”。(9月5日澎湃新闻)

把针对专业救护员的下水营救技能应用到年幼孩子身上,完全超出了孩子的能力范围,会误导孩子涉险,此其一;将溺水者提脚倒立、膝顶腹部等控水方法是长期流传的方法,前不久还在微信上传播,但其实是错误的,喝水并不是溺亡的主因,而是大脑缺氧,所以最应该做的是心肺复苏、人工呼吸,此其二。抢救溺水者的黄金时间只有3分钟左右,错误的施救方法不仅耽误了宝贵的抢救时间,还可能对溺水者和施救者造成更大伤害,故而称之为“致命错误”。

教科书是一门课程的核心教学材料,是必须经过严格审查的,必须具备全面、系统、准确的科学特征。教科书在学生乃至民众心中都是神圣的,很多人都深信不疑。将溺水者提脚倒立、膝顶腹部等控水的错误方法,国外30年前就淘汰了,而我国教科书的内容更新比社会知识要慢得多,致使“致命错误”沿用多年,以讹传讹,危害甚广。

发现教科书错误事发偶然,一位小学五年级的小朋友恰好听过专业救护员罗格的讲座,发现教科书上说的和罗格教的不一样,学生母亲给罗格发来教科书图片,由此才发现“致命错误”。倘若这位小朋友没有听过讲座,或缺乏怀疑精神,倘若家长笃信教材,对孩子的说法一笑而过,不去追究到底,很可能这两处“致命错误”还会静静地躺在教科书里,误人子弟。推而广之,还有多少类似的错误没有被发现及勘误呢?

教科书“致命错误” 亟须科学导航。这本错误的教科书是湖南省省编教材,很多小学都在采用,影响广泛。当务之急是召回这批问题教材,或者教育部门向学校下发通知,要老师在教学中更正错误,亡羊补牢。

长期来看,则要建立全面、严谨、快速的教材勘误机制。当今社会,信息爆炸,知识更迭加速,而我国的教科书往往一用数十年,滞后于时代发展。尽管教科书要经过多部门专家的审核,但教科书内容繁杂,涉猎广泛,难免挂一漏万,而一两处不起眼的错误都可能影响无数人。因此,教育部门一方面要秉持科学、严谨、求真务实的态度,认真编制教科书,确保教科书的质量;另一方面要广开言路,与时俱进,充分利用现代先进网络技术,发动社会各界人士关注、勘误教科书,及时修改订正,尽量减少失误,让教科书成为学生乃至全社会增知益智、育人成才的科学读本。

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