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湖南一小学教材现致命错误:救人方法已淘汰30年

2017-09-05 08:00:43   中国经济网

《生命与健康常识》教科书中,教小孩下水救人和“控水”方法都存在错误之处。 朱炎皇 图

开学了,小朋友们领到新教科书,有的已迫不及待翻看起来。但如果教科书上的知识错了呢?9月4日,长沙市红十字会救护员罗格发现,湖南省义务教育地方课程实验教科书《生命与健康常识》关于“溺水怎么救护”的内容,存在两处“致命错误”。

家长:教科书与教练教的不一致

罗格是户外运动教练、长沙市红十字会救护员,从事中小学生防溺水安全教育多年。“我女儿教科书上说的怎么和您教的不一样呢?”9月1日,学生家长戴女士给他发来微信。戴女士的女儿严雅诗在四方坪小学读五年级,当天开学报到,学校新发了几本教科书,《生命与健康常识》是其中之一。小朋友翻到这本教科书的42页,看过“溺水怎么救护”的内容,发觉与罗教练教的不一样,产生了疑问。

看过戴女士发来的教科书照片,罗格很震惊。他说:“里面所讲的下水营救技能是对专业救护员的考核要求,完全超出了孩子的能力范围,会误导孩子涉险;将溺水者提脚倒立、膝顶腹部等控水方法是错误的,国外30年前就淘汰了。”

罗格将教科书中错误的部分发到了长沙市专业救护员微信群,群里一下炸锅了,“教科书在学生心中是神圣的,很多人都深信不疑,危害甚广。”大伙认为,严谨的教科书犯这样常识性的错误,太不应该。

“那种认为‘溺水者因为喝多了水,把水倒出来就行’的观点是错误的。”罗格解释,根据人体解剖结果,溺亡者的肺部、胃部积水只有20毫升,这点水量完全可以被人体吸收。“喝水并不是溺亡者的主因。”罗格告诉记者,主因是大脑缺氧,所以最应该做的是心肺复苏、人工呼吸。“抢救溺水者的黄金时间只有3分钟左右,提脚倒立、膝顶腹部控水不仅耽误了宝贵的抢救时间,而且可能导致胃部食物残渣回流,堵塞喉咙、鼻腔,再次造成窒息。”

部门:将反映问题并尽快修订

中国每年约有5.5万名未成年人意外死亡,溺水、交通事故是未成年人意外死亡的主要原因。罗格告诉记者,上个月,一个孩子在长沙某游泳场溺水,临时救护员用的就是提脚倒立,结果孩子没能救过来。

记者看到,这本《生命与健康常识》由湖南省教育科学院编辑,经湖南省中小学教科书审定委员会2006年审查通过。据罗格所知,德润园小学、四方坪小学的学生都发了这本教科书。“不止长沙,这是省里编的教材,全省都在用。”长沙市教育局基础教育处副处长周小青对来反映情况的罗格表示肯定和感谢,他也发现提脚倒水的方法不对。周小青表示,会向上级部门反映此事。

记者又联系了编教科书的湖南省教科院基础教育研究所,指出书中的问题。一名工作人员回应,教科书的内容更新比社会知识要慢,他们会尽快修订。当记者问多久能修订时,工作人员回复称:“不好说。”

“当务之急是召回这批问题教材,或者教育部门向学校下发通知,要老师在教学中更正错误。”罗格着急地说。

小知识

这些溺水知识要知道

在泳池会游泳,不等于会野泳,野外的江河、湖泊、水库、池塘,水情比泳池复杂。

会游泳也不等于会救人。“手拉手搭救溺水者不可取。”在日常培训中,罗格反复教育学生,不要盲目下水救人。他让学生在平地上手拉手,演示牵手搭救溺水者,“溺水者”用手一拉,其他学生根本站不稳,“更别说在斜坡上去搭救求生欲望强烈的溺水者了。”

来源:长沙晚报

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