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科学课怎样上更科学?——三问科学课进课堂

2017-09-05 16:05:43   新华网

新华社北京9月5日电 题:科学课怎样上更科学?——三问科学课进课堂

新华社“新华视点”记者

教育部今年初下发通知,要求秋季开学小学一年级开设科学课,每周不少于1课时。科学课与语文、数学一样,从小学一年级就开设,这种重视程度引发社会广泛关注。

新的科学课程体系有哪些变化?科学课现存短板如何补齐,怎样更科学上好科学课?

 新科学课程体系有哪些变化?

记者梳理发现,科学课进入小学课堂其实已经有16个年头。2001年,依据国务院《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划》的指导精神,我国开始了新一轮的课程改革,当时将“自然”课更名为“科学”,起始年级从一年级变为三年级。

“过去,科学课在整个九年义务教育阶段并未受到应有的重视。”中国教育科学研究院副研究员、小学科学教育研究中心主任、教科版《科学》教材主编郁波表示,“此前我们在课程开发、师资培训、教材建设等方面取得了一些进步,但满足不了国家发展需要以及孩子们和老师们的需求。”

从今年秋季开始的科学课是一套全新的课程体系,性质由启蒙课程改为基础课程。新科学课程标准除了科学知识、科学探究、科学态度外,还明确新增了技术与工程学,以及对社会与环境的责任。而且,新课标把小学科学课划分为1至2年级、3至4年级、5至6年级三个阶段,阶段知识更细化。同时,学习评价体系也由之前的行为表现评价、纸笔测试评价、综合评价等转变为课堂教学评价、学生自评和互评,以及总结性评价。

记者翻看教育部部编的一年级科学课课本发现,一年级的科学教材只有植物、比较与测量两个单元,目的在于帮助孩子认识周边的植物和辨别生活中常见的材料。

“一年级科学教材内容比较少、比较浅,主要是为了激发学生的学习兴趣。”广州大道南小学校长刘基国仔细阅读后发现,一年级的科学课教材注重让孩子从身边的事物开始探究,记录探索结果,利于评价、分享。

南昌大学附属小学红谷滩分校科学课教师杨昆认为,越早进行科学教育,越能在孩子心中播下科学的种子,越有利于创造能力和探究精神的培养。

“受升学等各种因素影响,现实中孩子们对科学的兴趣很容易随着年龄增长迅速下降。科学课更早介入,对激发孩子们的科学意识、巩固科学兴趣很有必要。”北京第二实验小学朝阳学校科学课教师杨茜说。

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