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对教材里的“致命错误”当严肃追责

2017-09-06 08:21:57   中国青年网

开学了,小朋友们领到新教科书,有的已迫不及待翻看起来。但如果教科书上的知识错了呢?9月4日,湖南长沙市红十字会救护员罗格发现,湖南省义务教育地方课程实验教科书《生命与健康常识》关于“溺水怎么救护”的内容,存在两处“致命错误”(9月5日澎湃新闻)。

严肃正经的教科书,编纂的知识却是“地摊货”——生生在救命的常识环节出现百般疏漏,这是诲人不倦还是害人不浅?专业人士一眼便知的问题,教材却堂而皇之放任谬种流传:“里面所讲的下水营救技能是对专业救护员的考核要求,完全超出了孩子的能力范围,会误导孩子涉险;将溺水者提脚倒立、膝顶腹部等控水方法是错误的,国外30年前就淘汰了。”

此前,未成年人保护法实施情况检查报告发布的数据称,我国每年约有5.5万名未成年人意外死亡,而溺水、交通事故则是未成年人意外死亡的主要原因。现实更是打脸了错误的溺水急救法则:上个月,一个孩子在长沙某游泳场溺水,临时救护员用的就是提脚倒立,结果孩子没能救过来。遗憾的是,这本错漏昭然的《生命与健康常识》,竟是由湖南省教育科学院编辑,经湖南省中小学教科书审定委员会2006年审查通过的。更叫人匪夷所思的是:当记者联系了编教科书的湖南省教科院基础教育研究所、指出书中问题,工作人员竟回应称,教科书的内容更新比社会知识要慢,他们会尽快修订——如何尽快,还“不好说”。

于此,有几个问题,叫人如鲠在喉:第一,给孩子看的教科书,竟然在救命的常识上误人子弟,这是复制粘贴犯的错吗?第二,理论上专业又严谨的严肃范本,层层审查的监督程序何以失灵?第三,明知道教科书出了问题,却坚持按照自己的节奏来更新,紧急召回制度何以缺位?一句话,先有轻佻草率的编书做派,后有有错不纠的官本位作风,导致“致命错误”只能在民间层面干着急。

教材犯错当然不是头一回。2013年,河南郑州的彭老师发现当时最新的人教版初一语文书上有错误,并指出了30多处,还将人民教育出版社和书店告上了法庭。当年11月29日,人民教育出版社在其网站上发出了《关于人教版语文教材的致歉信》,表示“如教科书有明显错误,(老师)应按正确的方法教。明年印发时会纠正错误。”此事引发舆论关于教材出错是否该召回的思考。不过,召回与否只是补救,问责与否才是防患于未然。一方面,要查究错误源头,看看教材编写的流程哪个环节出了问题;另一方面,要循着编著、审定等人名按图索骥,看看各自在教材错漏上须承担怎样的责任。

教材内容可谓千秋之本。救人的常识却在害人、救命的教材却在害命,教育监督部门、出版管理部门及纪检监察部门,恐怕都该敏于这个线索,好好追溯一下其间的权责利关系。

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