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中国造船业跻身世界前列(专家解读)

2017-09-02 05:20:54   中国青年网

图为上海外高桥造船有限公司自行研发设计的8.5万立方米超大型全冷式液化石油气运输船。

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世界最大水泥运输船圆满交船、亚洲最大改建半潜船顺利交付、全球最大集装箱船将在上海建造、世界最大LNG动力汽车运输船建造与设计合同生效……近期,一系列世界之最、亚洲之最船舶的建成或订单的落地让中国造船业再次成为全球焦点。

据韩国《亚洲经济》报道,近日,法国海运公司CMA-CGM与中国两家造船公司签署了建造意向书,订单包括9艘2.2万TEU级的超大型集装箱船,每艘造价最高可达1.6亿美元,9艘船只的总订单额达到了96亿元人民币左右。

对于中韩近年在造船领域的激烈竞争,英国市场研究机构克拉克森发布的数据显示,今年上半年韩国造船公司共拿到了283万CGT的造船订单,略低于中国(290万CGT),排名第二。这次超过1.6万亿韩元的大规模订单被中国拿去后,韩国与中国的订单总量将进一步拉开差距。

英国《独立报》报道称,中国正迅速发展船舶制造业,渴望在高利润的船舶制造领域获得立足之地。

另外,据俄罗斯卫星通讯社近日报道,在受到俄政府邀请进行北极亚马尔液化气项目合作后,中国船舶制造企业一直积极加大对该项目的投入,建造有破冰能力的运输油气和模块的运输船,目前成果显著。

■受访专家:浙江海洋大学副校长谢永和

近年来,中国造船业取得了一系列突出成绩。集装箱船、散货船、油船三大主流船型技术水平在国际上已经具有一定的竞争优势,已具备了自主开发能力,形成了品牌船型。除大型豪华邮轮外,我国已经能够建造包括大型客滚船、超大型集装箱船(VLCS)、大型挖泥船和大型液化天然气船(LNG)等在内的各种高附加值船舶。近年,中国不断提高自主研发和建造能力,高技术船舶的研发持续获得突破,超大型原油轮(VLCC)和超大型集装箱船(VLCS)的建造能力获得公认,并且大型豪华邮轮建造也开始设计建造。

目前,中国造船业的手持订单量、新接订单量和造船完工量等指标已位列世界首位。尽管在规模和总量上已经是世界第一,但在自主研发能力方面,我国还不是造船强国,特征为“大而不强”;但正在加速从“造船大国”向“造船强国”转变,不断缩小与日韩等造船强国的差距。中国造船业的整体水平是“追赶型”,局部接近世界先进水平。

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