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■王庆峰
《快递暂行条例(征求意见稿)》近期颁布,中国消费者协会称,截至8月22日,共收到消费者所提的修改意见292条。其中,不少消费者认为,应规定快递从业人员的入职条件,提高准入门槛;对有不法行为的快递从业人员加大处罚力度。中消协据此提出建议:增加“快递从业人员有违法行为的,5年内不得从事快递行业”的条款。
中消协对商品和服务进行监督,代表消费者的声音,而消费者与快递员打交道,种种意见也“由心而发”。首先,快递公司员工利用职务之便侵吞客户财产时有发生。中消协数据指出,快件延误、丢失、损毁的赔偿问题占10%,同时,有些快递员利用保价快递监守自盗、骗取保费;其二,快递员在快递寄发、验视签收以及相关环节的告知上也收到很多投诉。快递员问题多多,但《快递暂行条例》对“经营主体”的相关规定一笔带过:“经营快递业务的企业应当对其从业人员加强职业操守、服务规范、作业规范、安全生产、车辆安全驾驶等方面的教育和培训”。快递员“良莠不齐”背后,是快递业的跨越式发展,由于职业规范教育和技能培训教育没有跟上,的确暴露了一些问题。但也需要看到另一个事实,即快递业作为劳动密集型产业,人工紧缺已经成为行业普遍难题,业内人士估算,快递业人员缺口率在20%左右。这个缺口从哪里补充?新一代青年农民工、传统过剩产业人员是主要来源,就这一点而论,从各方面拔高快递员的“入职条件”,不如跟进技能培训和职业规范的教育。
此外,对快递员群体的关注中,不仅要有中消协代表消费者提出意见,还要有代表快递员权益的协会或组织,出面呼吁保护快递员利益。因为具有违法倾向的快递员毕竟是少数,多数是普遍缺少关爱。根据《快递暂行条例》,“经营快递业务的企业应当依法保护从业人员的合法权益”,但在现实生活中,出于成本控制等考虑,不给快递员买五险一金很常见,甚至有企业不给快递员买意外险,导致一些快递员出现道路交通安全等事故时没有保障。2016年《全国社会化电商物流从业人员研究报告》显示,近八成的站点从业人员日均工作时长在8小时以上,电商促销旺季甚至工作超过12小时。据此,如果对快递员提出准入限制是合理的,也就没有理由不对他们给予权益保障。
对快递员入职条件的关注也点破了一个基本事实,即无论是《邮政法》还是《快递暂行条例》,虽然保护了消费者权益,并且对快递企业作出种种明确规定,但对快递员的关注却不甚“给力”。建议在消费者有中消协为其代言的情况下,快递员也亟须成立协会或组织,发出自己的声音。
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