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无人驾驶货车将于2018年底前在英国主要道路试运行

2017-08-30 14:41:23   央广网

央广网北京8月30日消息(记者侯颖)据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,日前,英国政府宣布,无人驾驶的货车将在2018年年底前陆续在英国主要道路上试运行。在英国,城市之间的道路上货车非常多,有人认为,无人驾驶货车能有效地增加运力、降低人工成本。但是无人驾驶轿车因为安全的问题,目前还在摸索前行,无人驾驶货车的安全性有保障吗?

据《全球华语广播网》英国观察员侯颖介绍,这次的无人驾驶货车试运行,每次共有三辆货车同步进行。第一辆货车由一名司机亲自驾驶,剩下两辆货车的加速和刹车将与第一辆同步,通过新一代的无线传输技术,每一辆卡车都能实现相互间低时延的互联。这种情况下它们能形成一个多辆卡车同时行进的队列,每辆车在行驶过程中自动保持车间距离,并且带头卡车无论是加减速、转向还是刹车,跟随的卡车都会实时同步完成。这样,理论上一个驾驶员就能控制整个队列的卡车,甚至与全自动驾驶技术结合之后,队列也可实现无人驾驶。

据了解,无人驾驶货运有两大优势,首先是因为车与车之间的距离最大范围缩短,所以能够有效地降低空气阻力、提高速度、降低油耗。另外。英国运输部官员表示,推动这一技术发展也有利于相关商业机构降低运输成本,并且改善道路拥堵状况和空气质量。

英国对于无人驾驶领域非常重视,除了这次无人驾驶货车的研发英国政府将拨款810万英镑之外,英国政府在今年3月份也公布了一项计划,结合业界力量,在英国中西部地区建立一个无人驾驶车辆和车联网的技术测试设施集群,以加速英国在这一热门领域的发展。当时的英国商务大臣也启动了这一项目的首阶段竞标,政府将为项目提供一定的资金,首阶段达5500万英镑。按照项目规划,未来将在现有的无人驾驶车辆和车联网技术测试中心的基础上,逐步在英国汽车工业比较发达的西米德兰兹地区形成一个测试设施相对集中的产业带。而通过这个产业带,英国政府和业界能够更好地推动相关技术在英国发展,吸引海外投资,并且建立一个全国性的“生态系统”,满足无人驾驶车辆和车联网技术研发从电脑程序设计到实际路面测试的所有需求。

对于无人驾驶货车的研究,英国汽车协会主席表示,真正的英国道路对其将是一个不小的挑战。虽然降低油耗和减少交通堵塞的优势十分吸引人,但是货车组成这样的形式有一定的劣势,比如可能会挡到后面车辆的视野,导致其看不到路标,特别是欧洲的高速公路有很多的入口和出口。相关人员也表示,比起降低油耗和改善路况,道路安全更为重要。

除了无人驾驶货车,英国政府对于无人驾驶的公共班车也投入了很大力度。早前英国运输研究实验室曾宣布,在伦敦格林威治市开始测试运行自动驾驶班车服务,也号召当地的一百名民众参与到测试当中。他们希望,无人驾驶班车将来能够在英国的公共交通中发挥重要的作用,特别是在一些没有公共汽车和有轨电车的地区,提供最大范围的公交服务。

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