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英国“脱欧” 看两大谈判高手如何过招

2017-08-30 09:40:01   中国青年网

图片说明: 28日,在比利时首都布鲁塞尔,欧盟英国“脱欧”首席谈判代表巴尼耶(右)与英国“脱欧”事务大臣戴维斯出席新闻发布会。新华社发

欧盟与英国第三轮“脱欧”谈判28日下午在布鲁塞尔欧盟总部开启,双方将围绕“分手费”、欧盟公民权利以及北爱尔兰边界安排继续讨价还价。

英国脱离欧盟的进程,如同当年加入欧共体的历程,百转千回,旷日持久,不断考验着决策者和公众的耐心。去年6月24日英国“脱欧”公投结果揭晓,直到一年后,英国和欧盟才正式启动脱欧谈判。双方至今已经谈过两轮,却未取得任何实质进展。这也难怪,英国拥有积淀深厚的商业文明,精通讨价还价的谈判技术,而欧盟本身就诞生于马拉松式的多边谈判,又非常看重折冲樽俎的“软实力”,同样擅长软磨硬缠。这注定是一场棋逢对手的谈判,情节繁乱、节奏拖沓、结局难料。

欧盟主动出牌 英国接招却不出招

英国与欧盟对于“分手”的关注焦点存在明显的差异。

英国方面最关心的,是“脱欧”之后的双边经济关系架构。英国财政大臣哈蒙德、国际贸易大臣福克斯乃至梅首相本人都认为,“离了婚”之后怎么过日子最需要关心,贸易关系的基本框架确定了之后,其他的事才能水到渠成。至于“离婚分家”的具体处理,都属于旁枝末节。

而欧盟最关心的问题恰恰是这个“婚”怎么离,尤其是欧盟能拿到多少“分手费”。欧盟理事会的指导意见和欧盟委员会的谈判方案都明确规定:谈判必须分为两个阶段,第一阶段只能谈怎么分手,只有在“怎么分手”的问题上已取得“充分进展”之时,才能启动第二阶段,即商议“分手之后”的关系。欧盟还不断重申,英国别想从欧洲单一市场等制度架构中继续捞取好处。字里行间,话里话外,欧盟对“分手”始终怀着强烈的幽怨之意,而英国却已在急不可耐地计划“离婚”后的“新生活”,双方心态各异,难免龉龌不断。

从谈判即将启动的5月初开始,口水仗拉开序幕。一方面,欧盟不断对英国提出要求,发出警告,语气严厉,态度决绝。欧盟谈判代表巴尼耶在上任之时就警告英国,“脱欧”必定是痛苦而漫长的过程。梅首相立刻反击,认为这是欧盟对英国的恶意“威胁”,是要“处心积虑地影响英国大选”。由于欧盟态度强硬,英国谈判代表戴维斯无奈地同意按照欧盟“两个阶段”的规划开展谈判,并表示英国将彻底离开欧洲单一市场,布鲁塞尔媒体将其解读为“欧盟在谈判伊始已占有上风”。

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