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新华社伦敦8月25日电(记者张家伟)英国政府25日宣布,将拨款810万英镑(约1044万美元)用于卡车自动编队行驶技术的多阶段测试,以便未来提高道路运输效率。
这个项目由英国交通研究所牵头进行,测试将分三个阶段实施,最初会在封闭的场地开展,如果一切顺利预计2018年年底将开始在道路上进行测试。
卡车自动编队技术其实是“车联网”的一个重要应用,通过新一代的无线传输技术,每辆卡车都能实现相互间低时延的互联,这种情况下它们能形成一个多辆卡车同时行进的队列,每辆车在行驶过程中自动保持车间距离,并且带头卡车无论是加减速、转向还是刹车,跟随的卡车都会实时同步完成。这样理论上一个驾驶员就能控制整个队列的卡车,甚至与全自动驾驶技术整合后,队列也可实现无人驾驶。
据英国运输部介绍,多辆卡车以队列形式在道路上行驶的一个好处是,带头的卡车能减少队列中其他卡车行驶时遭遇的空气阻力,这有助减少油耗、降低排放。这个测试项目中,将使用最多3辆重型货运卡车组成队列,并且每辆卡车上都会有驾驶员待命,以便系统出现问题时随时进行人工干预。
英国运输部官员保罗·梅纳德说,推动这一技术发展有利于相关商业机构降低运输成本,并改善道路拥堵状况和空气质量。
卡车自动编队行驶是近年来运输行业发展较快的技术,不过这需要整合物联网技术和新一代无线通信技术,以确保车队能够实现完全的同步操作,而且涉及道路安全问题,因此目前离实际应用还有一定距离。在一些欧洲国家以及美国已经成功开展了相关测试。英国这个测试项目也有多家国际公司参与其中。
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