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“农田院士”朱英国的育种人生

2017-08-29 08:45:49   光明网

光明日报记者夏静

朱英国院士走了。带着对农田的眷恋,带着对杂交水稻事业的留恋,带着对粮食安全的挂念……

2017年8月9日,中国工程院院士、植物遗传学家、武汉大学教授朱英国因病逝世,享年78岁。

8月13日上午,武昌殡仪馆告别仪式大厅庄严肃穆、哀乐低回,社会各界500余人在这里送别朱英国。湖北省领导来了,国家有关部委领导来了,专家学者来了,同事来了,学生来了……告别仪式还未开始,灵堂里早已站满了人,很多人只能在门口肃立,通过广播聆听院士的生平……

他为什么能让人们如此惋痛,如此不舍?

攻克水稻育种难题

“我是农民的儿子,深知农民的疾苦,希望能够为改变农村落后面貌尽一份力,让乡亲们远离贫困和饥饿。”1939年11月出生在湖北罗田的朱英国有一个梦想,长大要当一名农业科学家。

他一生心系国家粮食安全:“我要更好地为农业安全、粮食安全服务。”

1964年,25岁的朱英国从武汉大学毕业后留校任教,投身于农业大国最紧迫的课题——水稻雄性不育与杂交水稻的研究。

那个时候科研条件差,培育杂交水稻主要是在田野里做试验,要培育出稳定、成熟且能大面积推广种植的水稻新品种,必须多次反复做育种试验。为了加快水稻育种科研进度,朱英国和他的同事用1000多个套袋带上全部种子材料奔赴海南。

“水稻是喜温作物,在一定的气温条件下才能生长,在湖北一年只能种一季,大约10年才能出一个品种;海南岛的气候特殊,三五年就能出一个品种,大大节约了科研时间。”朱英国说。

功夫不负有心人。1972年,朱英国和同事终于利用海南红芒野生稻与常规稻杂交培育出籼稻配子体雄性不育系类型——红莲型。这项成果获得1978年全国科学大会奖。2002年,他和团队选育出红莲优6号,获国家技术发明奖二等奖。之后,完成红莲型新不育系珞红3A与超级稻珞优8号的选育和利用,获得2013年度湖北省科技进步奖特等奖。

马协型杂交水稻,是朱英国在杂交水稻研究领域的又一次突破。20世纪80年代,朱英国提出从农家品种中发现新的不育种质资源的设想。1984年3月,他和助手余金洪在上千个农家品种中发现了马尾粘中一棵不育株,比周围矮20厘米,不育特点明显。经过3年反复的杂交试验,马尾粘细胞质雄性不育系终于成功培育出来了,它就是马协A。马协A的培育成功,拓宽了当时杂交育种的理论视野。之后,朱英国团队又培育出马协型不育系3个。

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