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关注集体土地小步入市的后续问题

2017-08-30 09:43:10   央广网

谭浩俊

8月28日,国土资源部和住房城乡建设部联合下发通知,确定北京、上海等13个城市开展利用集体建设用地建设租赁住房试点。今后,村镇集体经济组织,可以通过自行开发、联营、入股等方式运营集体租赁住房。

按照两部委的设想,允许集体土地建设租赁住房,目的是为了增加租赁住房供应,缓解住房供需矛盾,构建购租并举的住房体系,建立健全房地产平稳健康发展长效机制。同时,也是为了拓展集体土地用途,拓宽集体经济组织和农民增收渠道,促进集体土地优化配置和节约集约利用,加快城镇化进程。

经过相当一段时间研究和探索以后,集体土地确实到了需要在政策上放权、实践中试验的时刻。尤其在一、二线城市已经深受房价困扰的情况下,如果集体土地入市,能够有效缓解房价带来的矛盾,应该是一个不错的选择。

相关专家认为,此次政策只是在13个城市试点,不可能在短期内对市场产生多大影响。笔者认为,这种估计太保守了。集体土地入市在政策上的变化是很大的,更何况,试点城市大多数是房价很高的一、二线城市,其影响定不会小。

对此次改革试点,最应当考虑的并不是短期影响还是长期影响、大影响还是小影响,而是能否走得更远、走得更快、走得更稳。也只有让试点走好了、走稳了,集体土地入市的工作才能真正走下去,并走向与城镇国有土地“同权同价”的平台。因此,在试点过程中,应当重点关注这样几个方面的问题。

首先,不能以租代售。今年7月20日,住建部、国家发改委等9部门联合发布《关于在人口净流入的大中城市加快发展住房租赁市场的通知》明确提出,要在超大城市、特大城市开展利用集体建设用地建设租赁住房试点工作,多渠道增加租赁住房供应。此次的试点,无疑是落实通知的具体行动。但是,一定要注意的是,政策不能走形,不能被滥用和扭曲。其中,必须严密防止以租代售。如北京市唐家岭租赁住房项目就明确由海淀区住房保障事务中心整体趸租,租期10年,统一进行出租、运营和管理。不然,一旦租赁期被无限期放长,就会出现以租代售现象。到时候,租赁市场就会出现混乱,并有可能出现利益输送、贪污腐败等方面的问题。

其二,能否租购同权?集体土地建设租赁房问题,解决“住”的问题,只是一个方面。“住”的问题解决了,如果“权”的问题不解决,仍然会出现许多新的矛盾和问题。如何解决集体土地建租赁房后的租房者权利,让租房者享受与购房者平等权利,对此项政策的落实并发挥作用影响很大。从总体上讲,这一政策落地以后,配套政策必须随之出台。

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