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无为是一种境界

2017-08-30 07:21:46   中国青年网

王蒙

一位编辑要我写下一句有启迪的话。我想到了两个字,只有两个字:无为。

我不是从纯消极的意思上理解这两个字的。无为,不是什么事也不做,而是不做那些愚蠢的、无效的、无益的、无意义的,乃至无趣无聊,而且有害有伤有损有愧的事。人一生要做许多事,人一天也要做许多事,做一点有价值有意义的事并不难,难的是不做那些不该做的事。比如说自己做出点成绩并不难,难的是不忌妒旁人的成绩。还比如说不搞(无谓的)争执,还有庸人自扰的得得失失,还有自说自话的自吹自擂,还有咋咋呼呼的装腔作势,还有只能说服自己的自我论证,还有小圈子里的叽叽喳喳,还有连篇累牍的空话虚话,还有不信任人的包办代替其实是包而不办,代而不替。还有许多许多的根本实现不了的一厢情愿及为这种一厢情愿而付出的巨大精力和活动。无为,就是不干这样的事。无为就是力戒虚妄,力戒焦虑,力戒急躁,力戒脱离客观规律、客观实际,也力戒形式主义。无为就是把有限的精力时间节省下来,才可能做一点事,也就是——有为。有所不为才能有所为。

无为是效率原则、事务原则、节约原则,无为是有为的第一前提条件。无为又是养生原则、快乐原则,只有无为才能不自寻烦恼。无为更是道德原则,道德的要义在于有所不为而不是无所不为,这样,才能使自己脱离开低级趣味,脱离开鸡毛蒜皮,尤其是脱离开蝇营狗苟。

无为是一种境界。无为是一种自卫自尊。无为是一种信心,对自己,对别人,对事业,对历史。无为是一种哲人的喜悦。无为是对于主动的一种保持。无为是一种豁达的耐性。无为是一种聪明。无为是一种清明而沉稳的幽默。无为也是一种风格。

(摘自《王蒙自述:我的人生哲学》,人民文学出版社出版)

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