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社会保险基金属于贪污罪中的“特定款物”

2017-08-28 08:21:53   中国青年网

2017年7月19日,最高人民检察院第十二届检察委员会第67次会议审议通过了《关于贪污养老、医疗等社会保险基金能否适用〈最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释〉第一条第二款第一项规定的批复》(下称《批复》),自8月7日起施行。为便于准确理解和适用,现对《批复》作如下解读:

一、研究起草背景及经过

近年来,随着社会经济的发展,我国不断加强社会保障工作,确保无收入、低收入及遭受各种意外灾害的公民能够维持生活,并通过立法形式,保障劳动者在年老、失业、患病、工伤、生育时的基本生活不受影响,逐步增进公共福利水平。但是,在养老、医疗等社会保险基金筹集、使用、管理运营等过程中,一些国家工作人员利用职权实施侵吞、窃取、骗取社会保险基金的犯罪时有发生。这些犯罪行为不仅严重侵犯了公职人员职务的廉洁性,也严重损害了国家、社会和人民利益,有必要对其加大惩处力度。

2016年4月18日,“两高”共同制发的《关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(下称《解释》)第1条第2款第1项将“贪污救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济、防疫、社会捐助等特定款物”作为贪污罪从重处罚情节之一。根据《解释》规定,对于具有上述情节的贪污犯罪,数额在1万元以上不满3万元的,应当认定为刑法第383条第1款规定的“其他较重情节”,依法判处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处罚金;数额在10万元以上不满20万元的,应当认定为刑法第383条第1款规定的“其他严重情节”,依法判处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产;数额在150万元以上不满300万元的,应当认定为刑法第383条第1款规定的“其他特别严重情节”,依法判处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑,并处罚金或者没收财产。《解释》施行之后,一些地方检察机关办案人员对社会保险基金是否属于“特定款物”存在不同认识。如,甘肃省检察院就“养老保险金、新农合基金”等社会保险基金能否认定为《解释》第1条第2款第1项规定的“特定款物”向最高检法律政策研究室请示法律适用意见。

最高检法律政策研究室经研究认为,上述请示问题具有一定的普遍性与典型性,可以制发批复,统一规范司法。经调研,我们起草了《批复》征求意见稿,分别征求了全国人大常委会法工委、最高法、民政部、人力资源和社会保障部、国家卫生计生委等单位,以及检察系统的意见,形成了《批复》审议稿。2017年7月19日,《批复》经最高人民检察院第十二届检察委员会第67次会议审议通过,自2017年8月7日起施行。

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