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“闪退”激增 基金申报和发行趋谨慎

2017-08-28 06:55:48   中国经济网

近一年每月新发基金情况一览

中国基金报记者 孙晓辉

据中国基金报记者统计,今年以来已有43只基金相继公告拟清盘,其中,上半年有18只,相当于去年全年清盘总数。下半年以来,基金清盘速度还在加快,截至8月25日,下半年以来有25只公告拟清盘。值得注意的是,下半年不仅基金清盘数量明显增加,且成立不到1年的“闪退”基金数量也在激增。

业内人士认为,这种现象的出现,跟金融去杠杆和基金公司去库存有很大关系。不过,随着基金申报和发行越来越谨慎,未来这种现象会越来越少。

下半年18只基金进入清算程序“闪退”基金有7只

据Wind统计,下半年以来已进入清算程序的基金有18只,其中,仅8月份就有15只。在这些基金中,成立不到1年的“闪退”基金有7只,如果算上已公告拟清盘但尚未进入清算程序的,则有9只。在今年上半年,这样的情况仅出现一例,而且还是转型而来不到一年被清盘的QDII。

这些“闪退”基金均为规模不足5000万元的迷你基金,规模最小的只有几万元,其中,成立不到半年的有3只,最短的不足3个月。从基金发行规模和有效认购户数来看,多数为疑似委外定制基金。以一只成立于去年底的中长期纯债基金为例,该基金成立时规模刚刚超过2亿元门槛,有效认购数总户数为229户,截至二季度末,该基金规模仅剩几万元。

济安金信基金评价中心主任王群航表示,上半年,在金融去杠杆的主基调下,银行同业业务和表外业务出现明显收缩。由于委外资金中很多来自同业或理财资金,在监管检查过程中,银行的委外业务受到很大冲击。存在问题的委外资金可能会直接选择赎回,没有问题的,出于避嫌的考虑,也会适当收缩。因此,不少疑似委外定制基金失血严重。此外,去年四季度至今年一季度,由于市场资金价格一度趋高,委外资金比较活跃,当时不少委外资金选择了3个月或半年的短期委托。

基金申报和发行趋于谨慎

Wind数据显示,与以往相比,今年以来基金申报和发行明显谨慎许多。

以新基金申报为例,按申请资料的接收日计算,截至8月27日,今年以来共有774只基金的募集申请资料被接收,而在去年曾有多达2333只基金的申请资料被接收。

以新产品发行为例,按认购起始日计算,截至8月27日,过去一年,月度新发基金数量在去年11月和12月达到顶峰,每月新发196只,今年2月和3月也曾达到124只,随后明显减少,每月都在100只以下;尤其到了6月和7月,分别只有35只和47只,8月份至今也只有10只。

“其实,根据基金有关法规,若基金有效基金份额持有人数量连续60个工作日达不到200人,或连续60个工作日基金资产净值低于人民币5000万元,基金管理人有权依据法律法规和《基金合同》的规定终止基金。以前,基金公司为了公司形象考虑,往往在临近触发清盘条款时,会寻找帮忙资金度过关键期。如今,随着基金审批越来越容易,以及基金清盘越来越普遍,很多迷你基金出于节省成本的考虑,会选择顺势清盘,因此,清盘基金越来越多。”某基金公司人士表示,基金刚刚成立没多久就清盘,对基金公司而言也意味着很大的亏损,因为一只基金从申请到成立运营,不仅需要花费很多的时间和精力,也要耗费不菲的财力,比如托管、运营及寻求帮忙资金的成本等。因此,有了前车之鉴,基金公司在申报和发行产品方面越来越谨慎。

数据来源:Wind(截至2017年8月27日) 孙晓辉/制表

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