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可燃冰开发领域,他的团队走在世界前列

2017-08-27 04:11:45   中国青年网

【归国情·创业梦】

2017年5月18日,我国在南海神狐海域天然气水合物(俗称“可燃冰”)试采成功。可燃冰能量储层密度高,热值高,污染小,资源量丰富,分布广泛,被认为是未来石油、天然气的战略性替代能源,对我国能源安全及经济发展也有重要意义。

但是,可燃冰开发难度非常大,以至于日本、美国等国家多年来一直难以实现产业化。如今,在这个领域走在最前面的,是国土资源部中国地质调查局领导的科研队伍。作为我国海域天然气水合物试采工程的首席科学家,北京大学工学院讲席教授卢海龙和他的同事们勇于挑战,攻克技术难关,运用“地层流体抽取试采法”等各种创新技术和方法,将蕴藏在海底的“冰块”点燃成熊熊燃烧的火焰,奏响了“可燃冰时代”的“冰与火之歌”,再次展示了科研领域“后发先至”的中国速度。

卢海龙1981年考上北京大学地质系,自此开始了他与地质学的不解之缘。1991年,卢海龙赴日留学,7年后,他拿到了日本第一个以可燃冰为研究课题的博士学位。此后,卢海龙先后在日本石油公团技术研究中心、加拿大地质调查局、加拿大国家研究院工作。2014年,卢海龙通过“千人计划”受聘于北京大学工学院能源与资源系。经过23年的东渡西进,50岁的卢海龙再次回到祖国,回到北大。

“可燃冰虽然储量大、分布广,但其成藏机理和石油、天然气差别很大,覆盖它的海底地层普遍是松软未固结的沉积物,稍有不慎就会导致大量泥砂涌进管道,致使生产不能进行,造成开采失败。”卢海龙说。

而我国可燃冰试采面临的困难还不止于此,“日本、美国、加拿大等试采的可燃冰均为砂质类型,其孔隙条件、水合物饱和度等条件均较好,便于开采。而我国已发现的海域天然气水合物主要属于泥质粉砂型储层,砂细导致孔隙度低,渗透率差;同时我国的可燃冰水深大、储层埋层浅,深水区浅部地层松软极易垮塌,施工难度更大。”卢海龙说。

北京大学遥感楼,紧邻博雅塔和未名湖。这座绿植环绕,略显沧桑的老楼,就是卢海龙和他的团队做模拟实验的地方。除了出海考察,卢海龙大部分时间是带领团队进行实验研究和数值模拟。在这里,他们进行天然气水合物基础物性和产能模拟研究,针对南海天然气水合物储层提出了新的开发技术,参与制定了试采新工艺,有效解决了储层流体控制与可燃冰稳定持续分解等难题,完成了可燃冰全流程试采核心技术的重大突破。

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