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中国在世界最大风口修桥 海域复杂惊诧七位院士

2017-08-25 07:32:05   科技日报

原标题:在世界最大风口修座“不可能的大桥”

本报记者刘志伟谢开飞

福建平潭海峡,是与百慕大、好望角齐名的世界三大风口海域,被称为“建桥禁区”。

8月22日,随着起重船将重达1350吨的钢桁梁放置到墩顶,平潭海峡公铁两用跨海大桥首片钢桁梁架设成功,我国首座跨海公铁两用大桥再次进入公众的视野,成为关注的焦点。

平潭海峡公铁两用大桥于2013年11月开建,项目具有工程量巨大、有效作业时间短、工期紧等特点,被称作“施工难度最大”的桥。

平潭海峡公铁两用跨海大桥建设到底难在哪里?我国的大桥科技工作者用了哪些黑科技完成了“不可能的任务”?

看环境复杂海域条件惊诧七位院士

在建的海峡公铁两用跨海大桥是福平铁路的关键性控制工程,起于福州长乐市松下镇,经过人屿岛、长屿岛等4座岛,从苏澳镇上平潭岛。大桥全长16.34公里,是世界上最长、跨度最大的跨海峡公铁两用大桥,下层设计为时速200公里的双线一级铁路,上层设计为时速100公里的高速公路。

中铁大桥局福(州)平(潭)铁路项目常务副经理张红心介绍,这座大桥的所在地处于武夷山脉与台湾海峡之间,正处在一个喇叭口。这里看似风平浪静,但突然一个浪涌上来,会将钢缆都扯断。福建省每年六成海上事故发生在这片海域。近3年来,这里每年都会遇上台风,2015年至今已发生18场台风。

在大桥施工期间,王景全、郑皆连等七位中国工程院院士带着重点咨询项目《海洋桥梁工程技术发展战略研究》到访平潭大桥。院士们大为感叹,其所处的独特海峡环境,无论是地质条件的复杂程度,还是大风、强浪、强涌、急流等海况的恶劣程度,均远超已建成的东海大桥、杭州湾大桥、青岛海湾大桥及在建的港珠澳大桥,尤其是波流力的影响,是常规长江等内河桥梁的10倍以上。

中铁大桥局董事长,平潭海峡公铁两用桥项目经理刘自明说:“大桥的建设,标志着我国铁路桥梁开始由内陆江河迈向海洋!”

为攻克复杂海域海峡大桥建设技术难关,中铁大桥局成立了以中国工程院院士为首的技术专家组,统一组织协调指导大桥技术攻关和方案落实,并联合铁路总公司组织了“跨复杂海域公铁两用大桥施工关键技术研究”“恶劣海洋环境下大型桥梁工程建造技术研究”“平潭海峡公铁两用大桥修建关键技术研究”等多项科研课题。

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