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以房养老保险试点三年承保不足百人 盘点其他国家发展情况

2017-08-26 13:30:48   央广网

央广网北京8月26日消息(记者车丽)据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,2014年的7月1日,保监会在北京、上海、广州、武汉正式开展老年人住房反向抵押养老保险试点,这意味着保险版“以房养老”正式开闸。然而时至今日,以房养老保险试点三年多来,承保却不足百人。

2014年7月1日,保监会在北京、上海、广州、武汉等四地正式开展了老年人住房反向抵押养老保险试点,这就意味着保险版“以房养老”正式开闸。保监会副主席梁涛说,保险业探索推出的住房反向抵押养老保险产品,是在保障老人居住权的同时,用房产增加现金流,改善老年人的生活品质,尽管这是一个小众市场但意义重大。听起来蛮不错的“以房养老”其实并没有得到绝大多数老人的支持。“我认为子女要承担父母的养老责任,言行是一致的话房子以后还是给子女。”

对此,中国老龄科学研究中心副主任党俊武表示,与其说“以房养老”不如说“以房养人”更符合中国的传统思想。“把房子变现以后,变现的现金老人可以用一部分,孙子上学可以用一部分,儿女创业也可以拿一点,接受性不就更好一点了吗?”

北京师范大学公益研究院院长王振耀说,选择“以房养老”的老人大部分是有需求的特定群体,在目前的养老政策尚不足时,是一种重要的补充。

事实上,在世界上的其它国家,“以房养老”是一个实行半个世纪的办法。国外的“以房养老”到底采取何种方式?现在的发展情况如何?有条件有需求并且有意识使用这种养老方式的人群有多少?

“以房养老”虽然在国内的历史并不长,可以说是个新生的事物,但在英国早已经形成了较为成熟的制度。早前的英国媒体做的一份调查显示,超过1/3的英国人打算利用房产来筹集养老金,也有一成的退休者被迫出售房产或将较大的房子换为较小的房子来维持生计。

据《全球华语广播网》英国观察员侯颖介绍,在英国目前以房养老主要有两种形式,一是利用反向抵押贷款,把房产抵押给银行、保险公司等机构,每月获得贷款作为养老金,而老人则继续在原房屋居住,直到去世或搬进养老院之后用该住房归还贷款,也被称为终生抵押。据调查,英国大约有20%左右50岁以上的老年人打算采用这种方式,目前在英国办理终生抵押的金融机构和协会有上百家,提供的金融品种多样灵活,英国的终生抵押没有统一标准,各家金融机构在利率申请人条件还贷条件方面有所区别。总的来说,申请者的年龄下限在55到60岁之间,申请者的房屋价值要符合最低评估值,通常在7万英镑到10万英镑之间,另一种以房养老的方式是出售大房换购小房,用差价款养老。如果拥有大房子的老年人不愿意卖房,也不愿意抵押房产,可以选择出租一间或两间房子,此外还要老人将自己房子出售后,搬到物价水平较低的城市或国家养老。

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