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警惕层层加码式考核

2017-08-23 08:37:44   中国青年网

假期,与友人小聚,正好有几位是在基层乡镇政府工作的领导,也就机会听他们吐槽实际工作的难处,吐槽最多的是他们整天被动忙于考核,无法按自己的想法开展工作。在他们看来,很多事情根本就不需要考核,而且有些考核事项本身是相互矛盾的,实际上无法完成。这在前面的专栏中也曾提及。今天要谈的是考核中层层加码的现象,即考核的指标的设定,从上至下,越来越严格,层层加码。

应该说,考核,是政府组织层级管理的重要手段,通过指标的设定,上级督促下级,来达到行政组织的目的。其中,明确设定一定的指标,就是必须的,如果不下指标,考核本身就没有意义。在实践中,设定一定的考核指标,也是无奈之举,笔者曾在一位省级领导面前提及下达指标的弊端,领导这样说,“你太书生气了,若不下指标,他们一个不抓,一事不做的。”但一旦将完成指标情况与政绩挂钩起来,不同层级政府组织在下达指标时,就可能层层加码,越能够严格完成,甚至超额完成,就越能体现政绩,于是,越向基层,指标就越细,要求越严格。最终,基层政府只有处于被考核的地位,落在其头上是最为严格的各项指标。

层层加码,看起来,体现了层级组织的自我加压,但背后的动机,却是政绩。当然,追求政绩,甚至自我加压,本身并没有什么错,也是政府组织应当去追求的,但对政绩的考核的设定,应当考虑两个因素。

首先,要有正确的政绩观。政府组织不同于企业组织,它行使公权力。企业加强考核指标的做法是可以理解的,因为它是明确以赢利为目标的组织,其内部的所有组织都应当为完成这个任务而努力,也应当接受考核。而政府组织行使的是公权力,它不以具体单个的任务为目标,而是综合型的,说到底以人民是否满意为评价标准,党和人民又通过法律设定政府可以做什么和不能做什么,也就是说,政府完成法律规定的事项,也就是完成了自己的任务。因此,政府的政绩,在根本上讲,是人民是否满意,而最直接的衡量标准是是否依法办事。

其次,任何好的目标的设定都需要考虑一定的条件,只有在现实可能的条件下,完成政绩才是可能的,定得太高,也会出现问题,尤其是,在目前事权不分的条件下,考核的任务最终是由基层政府来完成的,而基层政府又难以达到这个要求时,就会难以承受压力,要么消极应付,要么违反法律也要完成考核的任务。

若由上级政府层层设定,最终落实到基层政府的压力就可想而知了。层层加码,只会体现上级政府的政绩,只会变成上级政府组织为实现自己的政绩而转嫁给基层政府的政绩实现方式,这必须改变。

(作者系华南理工大学法学院教授)

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