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从联通方案看国企混改新动向

2017-08-23 08:18:02   中国青年网

■新华社记者 王希 高亢

8月20日晚间,中国联通集团旗下A股上市公司中国联合网络通信股份有限公司发布专项公告,正式披露混合所有制改革试点总体方案和拟改革的内容要点。业内人士认为,联通打响了集团整体混改的“第一枪”,其标志性意义不言而喻。新鲜“出炉”的改革方案,透露出不少国企混改新动向。

新动向一:混改升级提速

有专家指出,此次联通混改首次将改革层级提升到一级集团层面,可谓实质性地推进了混合所有制改革,力度之大体现了改革决心。

2016年底的中央经济工作会议提出,混合所有制改革是国企改革的重要突破口,并明确这项改革要在电力、石油、天然气、铁路、民航、电信、军工等领域迈出实质性步伐。此后混改呈现提速升级之势。

国家发改委新闻发言人孟玮日前表示,在选择两批19家企业开展混改试点的基础上,目前第三批试点企业已经遴选出,正在按程序报批。其中既有中央企业,也根据申请纳入了一部分地方国有企业作为试点。

中国企业研究院首席研究员李锦认为,作为混合所有制改革的“第一梯队”,联通混改落地将带动国企改革节奏加快。

新动向二:聚焦机制转变

股权结构是公司治理的基础。国企混改,“混”是为了“改”。在将部分公司股权释放给其他国有资本和非国有资本基础上,此次联通混改方案明确了公司治理结构、运行机制方面的改革方向,给了市场更多的想象空间。

电信专家项立刚认为,近780亿元的融资规模有助于解决联通在4G、5G网络布局上的资金缺口,与互联网巨头、垂直行业领先企业的合作有利于行业融合发展和业务整合,但最关键的是,联通要以混改为契机形成新的运行机制和管理模式。

李锦同样认为,此次混改入围的企业数量多、利益交错复杂,董事会能否规范化运作、如何加强职业经理人建设、激励与约束机制怎样构建,将会是接下来联通混改实践中的最大考验,也是国企混改中具有一定共性的问题,各方仍在密切关注。

新动向三:探索员工持股

《中共中央、国务院关于深化国有企业改革的指导意见》提出,探索实行混合所有制企业员工持股,并明确要完善相关政策,健全审核程序,规范操作流程,严格资产评估,建立健全股权流转和退出机制,确保员工持股公开透明,严禁暗箱操作,防止利益输送。此次联通混改将向核心员工首期授予不超过约8.48亿股限制性股票,募集资金约32.13亿元。

外部引入资本更侧重于增加资本、优化治理,而内部员工持股,则更注重于构建激励约束机制,核心在于将企业发展与个人利益挂钩,激发企业活力与创新力。专家表示,国有企业员工持股改革颇具挑战性,要对涉及的关键环节严格规范,避免一哄而上,严防国有资产流失。

(据新华社北京8月22日电)

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