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供给侧改革推动商品供需寻求新平衡

2017-08-22 09:12:00   中国经济网

潮涨潮落中,供给侧改革下的供需关系再平衡正影响着商品价格的走势。

8月21日,文华商品指数最高达到161.59点,最终收于160.87点,再度刷新半年新高,当日涨幅为1.22%。

资金仍在扎堆商品

资金仍在扎堆商品。根据文华财经统计显示,8月21日,42.99亿元新资金流入商品期货,文华商品共沉淀资金为1175.94亿元。其中,有26.7亿元新资金涌入黑链指数(焦炭、焦煤、铁矿、螺纹),该板块共沉淀资金376.2亿元。有色板块则净流入8.6亿元新资金。从单个商品看,铁矿指数昨日吸引15.2亿元新资金入场,位居商品净流入排行榜首位。

商品为何如此“任性”?

在中大期货副总经理景川看来,目前,商品市场的主线是供给侧改革下的供需关系。一系列商品的现货升水表明,期货市场仅仅是跟随者而非推动者。

“在价格平衡中,供给的减少是价格寻找新平衡中构成其上升趋势的主动力。而在价格连续上升之后,市场又有修复和调整的需求。但在新的平衡出现之前,商品仍将保持交易重心不断上移的态势。”景川对上证报记者说。

的确,2017年是供给侧结构性改革的深化之年。钢铁、煤炭等行业的去产能工作正在深入推进中。钢铁方面,截至目前,全行业表内外去产能总量已超过2亿吨。煤炭方面,来自中国煤炭工业协会发布的数据显示,截至7月底,今年煤炭行业共退出煤炭产能1.28亿吨,完成年度目标任务量的85%。加上去年的2.9亿吨,累计退出煤炭产能超过4亿吨,占“十三五”8亿吨目标任务的52%。

与此同时,化工、造纸、玻璃(1458, 10.00, 0.69%)、有色等很多行业均在积极推动供给侧改革。

“钢市回暖,钢价上涨,这是大势所趋。”生意社钢铁分社何杭生也对记者表示,在供给侧改革下,在经济稳中向上的大环境中,经历了近5年的低迷周期的钢市本身存在复苏需求。

多因素支撑铁矿石价格

商品此轮涨势除了与去产能背景下的供应偏紧预期有关,还与铁矿石等原料价格上涨有关。

据生意社监测显示,铁矿石现货价格自下半年以来,涨幅高达27%。截至8月21日,62%澳洲PB粉矿港口均价突破600元/湿吨至614元/湿吨,创下近四个月来新高,单日涨幅2.05%。

其实,铁矿石一直是高库存压港。对于其背后的涨价逻辑,受访的行业人士也给出了说法。

何杭生表示,在去产能与环保政策升级背景下,当前钢厂运营状态呈现分化。环保不达标企业不得不停产,而环保达标企业则加大马力生产。数据显示,截至8月18日当周,河北地区72家样本钢厂的高炉开工率在81.27%,创下近4个月以来的新高。但是全国163家样本钢厂的高炉开工率却降至77.35%,创下当月次新低。随着钢厂加大马力生产,原料需求旺盛,促使铁矿石等原料价格大幅上涨。

国信期货分析师徐超也认为,铁矿石港口库存连续下降,高品位矿供应偏紧,钢厂需求较旺盛,诸多因素都在支撑矿价上行。不过,从中长期来看,铁矿石港口库存量仍处历史高位水平,矿价上涨承压。

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