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供给侧改革推进 期货助涉棉产业提质增效
2017-08-21 10:16:36 中国经济网
近日,中国证券报记者跟随郑州商品交易所调研团队一道,对我国棉花主产地新疆进行了实地走访。通过记者走访了解到,作为我国棉花主产区的新疆,尤其是北疆地区,涉棉产业整体正在悄然生变。区域内的产业经营主体也正在积极创新经营路径,为实现棉产业整体的健康、协调和可持续发展寻求突破。
同时,经过近年来市场“大浪淘沙”式“洗礼”后,往日“看天吃饭”的涉棉产业其风险管理意识也已普遍得到加强。作为风险管理的主要工具之一的期货,也被包括农户在内的产业所广泛了解,参与程度有所提高,运用方式也已越发成熟且多样。纵观当下新疆棉产业转型升级的过程,在规避涉棉企业经营风险,保障棉农切身利益以及推动产业整合方面,作为工具的期货都在其中发挥出了无可替代的作用。
□本报实习记者 黎旅嘉
“借”期货之“力”方能行稳致远
涉棉产业的特点是产业规模大,产业链较长,但由于受到链上较多环节以及棉花自身的季节周期性等因素影响,长期以来,棉花现货价格波动较大且频繁。以往,涉棉产业被视作是“看天吃饭”的典型,当棉花价格上涨时,涉棉企业往往还能获得比较丰厚的利润,而低谷期伴随的则是整个产业的快速“触底”。以往由于对期货风险缺乏正确的认识,广大棉农乃至涉棉企业往往对期货市场敬而远之,其“参与”的主要方式也只是在每当籽棉收购时“瞄瞄”期货价格,以期能够收到或卖出好价。然而,经过近年来市场“大浪淘沙”式“洗礼”后,越来越多涉棉企业发现“越来越难赚钱了”。孙国庆表示,“当前现货的风险越来越大”,一批涉棉企业也由于在认识方面的疏忽“倒”在了“风险”面前。因此,如不对必要的风险对冲工具加以运用,涉棉企业虽然能通过降本增效来降低在行业下行时可能面临的风险,但并不足以从根本上化解他们的“后顾之忧”。
一方面,为了对经营风险进行有效管理,打破“周期”魔咒,涉棉企业不仅在布局产业链上下游和加速规模化等现货经营方面下足了“工夫”。此外,无论是上述介绍以棉农为主的“社-企联盟”模式,还是以龙头企业为主的“企业+合作社+农户”的模式,也都把目光“聚焦”在了期货上。另一方面,得益于郑商所长期以来在涉棉产业内对期货的正面宣传与推广,当前涉棉产业对期货认知程度已普遍提高,参与期货的意愿也逐渐增强。一些当地企业甚至风趣地把期货形容成了继现货后涉棉企业在经营销售中的“另一条腿”,其参与期货的深度“可见一斑”。
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