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武威节水农业向科技要效益

2017-08-20 06:11:15   中国青年网

本报武威讯(记者秦娜)“今年应用这种膜下滴灌水肥一体化技术,我种的600多亩大田玉米每亩能节约成本350元左右,预计亩产比过去增加100多公斤,达到900公斤。”近日,武威市凉州区金河镇王景寨村村民陆生望着自家长势喜人的玉米,高兴地对记者说。

今年初,依托国家高效节水灌溉示范项目的实施,陆生一次性在流转的600余亩田地里安装了滴灌设备,全面应用膜下滴灌水肥一体化技术进行生产,节水、节肥、省工效果明显。他介绍,过去在整个玉米生长季,每亩需要用水300到400立方米,今年采用新技术只需用水180立方米,在化肥使用方面,追肥量较之前减少了三分之一,同时由于采用自动化灌溉系统,大大降低了人工成本。

中国工程院院士、中国农业大学教授康绍忠介绍,滴灌水肥一体化技术就是把加有肥料的水,通过滴灌管网精准施入作物根部附近的土壤中,相当于给作物“打点滴”,是一种节水、节肥、节药、节省土地的现代农业技术。

多年来,武威市持续加大节水农业科研投入,广泛开展与高校及科研院所合作。其中,以康绍忠为带头人的中国农业大学科研团队,在大量田间观测数据的基础上,提出了根系分区交替灌溉与节水调质高效灌溉新模式,并获得国家科技进步二等奖等多项荣誉。同时,根据武威农业灌溉实际需求,加大科技成果转化力度,依托农业部公益项目“河西走廊小麦玉米田间节水节肥节药综合技术方案”、水利部公益项目“温室作物节水调质高效灌溉技术研究与示范”等项目,探索出了大田作物、温室蔬菜精准高效节水灌溉技术模式。

在积极开展科技成果转化的基础上,武威市联合中国农业大学科研团队,将课堂搬到田间地头,由院士、教授向农技人员、种植户普及节水知识和实用技术,提高了种植户的节水意识。通过农民田间学校、农民开放日等形式,武威市已在黄羊河农场、凉州区杂木灌区下游的金河镇、吴家井镇等地示范推广。目前,示范面积5万余亩,亩均节水120立方米以上,节水效益提高45%以上,示范推广各类农业高效节水灌溉技术总面积超过240万亩。

来自武威市水务局的数据显示,武威市农业用水量由2012年的12.56亿立方米减少到2016年的11.27亿立方米,下降了10.3%;农业单方水效益由6.59元提高到2016年的12.6元,增幅达到91.2%,节水效益突出,大大提高了水资源利用率。

武威市水务局水利技术综合服务中心副主任韩万海说:“在武威,农业节水技术理论研究的重大突破带动了节水技术成果加速转化应用,有效提升了节水农业的科技含量,促进了武威节水农业的发展。”

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