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【产经观察】不是任何商品都值得“共享”

2017-08-16 08:41:45   中国青年网

如今的创投圈有这样一种风气,创业者的融资报告书里要是没有“共享”概念,似乎就慢了半拍似的。在热情高涨的创业者手中,貌似什么东西都能共享,北京街头甚至出现了共享马扎。

从最早的共享自行车,到如今的共享雨伞、共享健身房,甚至连共享充电宝行业,都能在40天里有35家机构投资,融资金额达到12亿元,是前年共享单车起步时的5倍。“共享”概念被吹向风口的背后,是风投公司的热捧。根据毕马威发布的报告,去年中国风投公司共投出了310亿美元,同比增长近20%,其中大部分流向了共享经济公司。

在创业者和部分投资者看来,似乎下一个ofo或者摩拜,就将诞生在自己手中,只不过具体分享的东西不同而已。但是,除了遍布街头的共享单车外,大部分共享物品的客流量非常有限,甚至只是停留在卖概念的阶段。

为什么除了自行车外,其它物品的共享效果都不甚理想呢?

这是因为,不是所有的商品都值得“共享”,都会有消费者买单。

共享经济这个概念,早在上世纪70年代末就出现了。最初指的是在商业机构、组织或政府创办的第三方市场平台上,个体利用这些平台交换闲置物品,实现资源的最大利用和最优匹配。而在2010年之后,借助移动互联网技术出现了实物共享平台,在陌生人之间实现物品使用权暂时转移。当然,这个物品的所有权,依然是平台本身。

换言之,互联网时代的共享经济,除了所有权与使用权分离外,其“成功要素”与小区居民之间“院子甩卖”以物易物没有太大区别。小区居民以物易物,为的是实现交易成本最低,自己不用的东西换来有用的东西,既省却了储物空间,又以零价格或极低价格换来需要的商品,且无中间交易成本。这里面关键要素就是,取得商品或服务的成本非常低,或者说,边际成本非常低。

共享产品成功与否,也取决于这个成本因素。如果家和公司都距离公共交通站点有些距离,那么消费者在两边公交或地铁站各存一辆自行车,且不论购车成本,车辆的损耗、遗失、停放也会增加交通成本,得不偿失。更何况,长期存在的城市交通“最后一公里”短板,又使得市场上存在旺盛的短途交通需求。在这样的情况下,有市场需求,有成本优势,共享单车这一理念自然能成功。

相比之下,其它共享商品的市场需求和成本优势就不高了。共享雨伞,一年中又有多少天下雨,并且消费者出门前还没看天气预报没带伞?这样的市场需求,能够支撑起庞大的运营成本吗?到了冬天怎么办?共享健身房,如果消费者办一张能洗澡有教练器材齐备的实体健身房年卡需要多少钱,平均到每一天呢?对于消费者而言,成本优势在哪里?

其它的共享产品,不一而足。如果不能解决如何拓展市场需求和构建成本优势这两个问题,产品未来的不确定因素就会长期存在。

创业者创建一个共享产品,其实是搭建了背后的共享平台,投资者则看重的是共享产品背后的押金沉淀收益,因为在没有引入更权威的信用评价体系时,押金是最好的信用体现。而另一个投资亮点则是,共享产品一旦投放,其管理成本极低,不需要人工维持,就可以不断生钱。

不过,有押金沉淀,有业务流水的前提,是有消费者愿意买单。如果这样的买单者只停留在融资报告书里的纸上谈兵,最终即便资金到位,钱用完了,项目也难以持续发展。

创业者和投资者在踏入“共享圈”之前,不妨问自己一个问题,你设计或要投资的这个产品,如果是你自己,愿意花钱用吗?

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