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看,沙漠天路这样筑就(产经观察·揭秘“超级工程”②)

2017-08-14 05:23:09   中国青年网

制图:张芳曼

通了!

7月15日,随着内蒙古、甘肃、新疆境内三个路段联动通车,京新高速公路建设取得突破性进展,北京至乌鲁木齐实现全线高速,距离缩短近1300公里。

先后穿越乌兰布和、腾格里、巴丹吉林三大沙漠,近500公里路段为无人区,这是世界上最长的沙漠高速公路。

通车当天,记者从内蒙古巴彦淖尔出发,沿930公里长的京新高速临白(临河—白疙瘩)段一路西行,途中景象令人震撼:最初,还能远望到阴山山脉;往后,只余无边的戈壁、散落的胡杨作伴;快到额济纳旗时,两旁又变成了起伏的沙丘、零星的绿洲;再往西,连低矮的灌木都成了奢侈品……

“无水无电无信号,严寒酷暑沙尘暴。”在几乎与世隔绝的恶劣环境下,建设者们是怎样开辟出一条沙漠天路的?记者走进由中国交建承建的临白第三标段项目部,寻找奇迹背后的答案。

沙:亦敌亦友

“远防、中治、近固”驯服恼人的沙;以沙为原料用“水沉法”做路基,就地取材降低成本

茫茫大漠,最多的是沙。

额济纳,每年8级以上大风、沙尘暴天气有82—142天。每年3—6月,扬沙一起,黑风扑面,如一堵墙压过来,甚至会将刚建好的路掩埋掉。

在沙漠筑路,首先就得驯服这恼人的沙。

走近一段风积沙路段,记者发现了“奥妙”:道路两旁一格格纵横交错的“井田”,延伸出100至300米。“井田”上方种着红柳,“井田”之内,则用一个个长约2米、直径20厘米的绿色沙袋装满了沙土。表面看,它有些类似编织袋,但采用的是耐寒耐晒材质,20年不坏;填充沙土后,相当于给底下的沙土压上重物,再不能随意流窜;沙袋边沿处,还会留出3厘米高的“穗儿”,起风时,可将扬沙“搂”在沙袋里。像这样的沙袋网格,项目部共在风积沙路段两侧设置了1570万平方米之多。

“远防、中治、近固”——临白三标项目部总工程师黄西民将治沙妙招娓娓道出:沙袋即“中治”;而“远防”是指在路边上风侧300米处,设立与路基等长,高1.5米的纤维网沙障,增加一道“挡风墙”;“近固”则指在路基两侧边坡上采用碎石土包封,让沙子不外漏。

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