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北京地铁驶入“全自动”时代

2017-08-15 15:08:08   国际在线

2005年北京地铁机场快轨开工建设,引入了“全自动无人驾驶”技术。这项来自国外厂商的新技术曾让北京地铁建设者大为震惊,当时的北京地铁线网中甚至连略低一等的CBTC信号都没有。

所谓“全自动”,就是列车从启动、自检、发车、运行,到站停车、开关车门、离站发车、结束、回库、洗车的每一步都不需人工介入,设备自动控制。

此后十年,北京地铁建设提速,也成为轨道交通行业攻克难关、追赶世界的关键期。在2010年成功运营CBTC自主信号技术后,当年让人眼红的“全自动”也将在年底开通的燕房线彻底攻克投用,成为我国第一条自主化全自动运行的地铁线,可实现无人驾驶功能。而本市还有超过200公里的全自动地铁线正在建设中,到2020年左右将形成一张网。

地铁核心技术不再受制于人

2013年,经过多方权衡,京城西南只有20公里长的燕房线被突然改用轨道交通最尖端技术——全自动运行。

20公里虽不长,却让轨道交通研发人员兴奋不已。这是全国第一条具有自主知识产权的全自动运行的轨道交通线。

但此时,距国外首条“无人驾驶”地铁线——巴黎里尔线的开通已过去15年。这成了中外之间看得见的技术差距。

当时的北京,正迎来地铁建设高峰。技术上的巨大差距,让北京不得不花高价进口大批核心装备。对于市轨道交通建设管理公司设备总部六部部长徐鼎来说,最头疼和难过的莫过于在装备引进的技术谈判时,国外装备商的“脸色”。

“明明我们是花钱购买的顾客,但我们却得受制于人,谁让我们手里没技术呢。”徐鼎坦言,国外厂商掌握技术优势,很难在技术装备上做更适合我国乘客的改造。

国外设备在运营过程中开始暴露越来越多的问题。比如设备一旦发生故障,只能做简单维修,深层次的原因分析需要到国外进行,需要等待漫长的时间。

但另一方面,国外轨道交通厂商的技术封锁也越来越严重。负责信号研发的北京交控科技总裁郜春海回忆:“国外厂商交给中国人的技术说明书越来越简单,就是怕我们学会了。”

尖端技术必须追赶。

2010年,我国开启了全自动运行系统的理论研究,并最先在北京“落地”。2014年,“全自动驾驶系统在燕房线工程的示范应用”在市科委立项。市交通委、市重大办、市科委、市发改委等政府部门,高校,研究中心,运营公司,装备企业等组成了“大团队”,各出各力。历经六年研发,光市科委就投入700多万元经费支持研发,燕房线也成为了我国首个全自动运行系统国家级示范工程。

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