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中青报:海外游学热背后是怎样的灰色利益链

2017-08-15 10:09:09   中国青年网

在夏令营市场上,短期海外游学夏令营十分火热。10余天的游学,花费动辄数万元,由于是学校组织,一些经济条件好的家长自然趋之若鹜,也有不少家境一般的家长,为了孩子融入集体,也勉为其难,咬牙报名。

近年来,海外游学热逐渐火爆,《2016年国际游学发展报告》显示,中国国际游学每年以20%以上的速度增长,而且低龄化趋势明显,青少年成为海外游学热的主力军,甚至不乏3至6岁的小朋友。读万卷书,行万里路,是很多家长对孩子的殷切期望。家长们普遍希望让孩子走出国门,增长见识、了解世界文化,同时提高独立解决问题的能力。

但是,低龄化海外游学是否真有必要,动辄数万元的价格是否虚高?很多海外游学团,事实上游而不学。以某旅行社推出的一款海外游学活动为例,标注游览5所大学,每所大学游览时间均为半小时,其他游览地为旅游景点。这样的游览实际上还不如旅行团的行程安排合理。一些海外游学团的行程中包括与当地人士交流的活动,但是这种交流更多流于形式,效果并不理想。一些学生反映,“和外国学生友好交流”根本没有实现,“和友好校活动是两天,可是美国学生根本就不愿意理我们啊”。

为了吸引家长“掏腰包”,很多游学项目打出了戏剧、NASA航天、艺术、体育、航海等噱头,但相关主题活动所占比重并不大。比如,任何人都可以免费参观哈佛大学校园,但游学机构会找当地人在哈佛租个教室搞宣传联谊会,马上提高相关费用,变成了“在世界名校哈佛和老外深度交流”。除去所占不多的主题活动,剩下的行程与普通旅行团并无明显差别。而且,与普通旅游团相比,学生在国外的住宿、饮食、出行等成本都要比旅行团低,但是费用则比普通旅行团高出一大截。

而且,对于年龄太小的孩子,心智不成熟,对周遭世界的理解是浅层次的,诸如参观海外名校这样的行程,对他们来说有多大的意义?能学到什么呢?恐怕不过是到此一游罢了。

十来天的行程,少则两三万元,多则五六万元。但是,不少家长仍然一边纠结,一边砸钱报名。这种跟风又是为何呢?跟风的背后,学校恐怕发挥了不小的作用。有记者调查北京的海外游学市场发现,很多游学机构与学校之间形成了一条潜在利益链条,很多公立学校都组织了暑期海外游学活动。学校之所以热衷于组织海外游学活动,一个原因是“学校从每个学生的花费上得到的提成通常在5%~7%之间,而带队老师获得免费出境的机会,也成为游学项目的一个潜规则”。

一边是家长对孩子的教育感到焦虑;另一边则是家长被学校、游学机构所织就的密不透风的网所裹挟,即使意识到海外游学班的性价比不高,还是咬牙报名,因为想到“班里孩子很多都在报,自己不报怕孩子不高兴”。他们担心如果自己的孩子不参与,就无法融入群体。这种心理普遍地出现在各类培训班、兴趣班上。很多家长明明懂得应该让孩子在假期放松身心,但是经不住与周边家长的比较,害怕如果不让孩子去补习、去提前学,孩子就会落后于人。这种焦虑,与其说是家长对孩子成长、成才的期待,对阶层滑落的不安所造成的,不如说是市场催生出来的。

要化解家长的这种焦虑,当然有必要呼吁理性消费,避免盲目跟风。更重要的是,找到“风起”的原因,规范市场的运行。比如,公立学校与游学机构进行合作,形成灰色利益链条,这种行为就明显违反了相关规定,监管部门难道不该查一查吗?

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