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激发企业自主创新的活力(新知新觉)

2017-08-15 05:22:41   中国青年网

当前,技术创新与市场需求错位问题已经成为制约创新驱动发展的一大障碍,表现为很大一部分技术成果难以转化为现实生产力,技术创新活动难以实现经济效益,大量技术资源浪费。解决这一问题,必须充分发挥市场在技术创新中的导向作用,激发各类企业自主创新的活力和积极性。

打造技术创新服务平台。长期以来,我国的研究机构和高等院校与企业缺乏沟通,科技研发与生产脱节。为了打通科技和经济社会发展之间的通道,需要建设和完善技术创新服务平台。应建设一批国家级重点实验室、工程技术研究中心、大型科学仪器中心、分析检测中心等公共创新平台,加大向企业开放力度,提高其使用效率。整合资源,依托高等院校、科研院所、产业技术创新战略联盟、大型骨干企业以及科技中介机构等技术创新主体,形成一批技术创新服务平台,为技术创新提供全方位服务。建立产学研紧密结合的协同创新机制,促进研究机构、高等院校与企业密切合作,根据市场需求进行技术研发,提高技术创新成果转化率。

解决中小企业创新资金短缺问题。目前,中小企业已经成为技术创新的重要力量,但我国大部分研发力量和资金支持都集中在科研院所和一些大企业,中小企业难以获得充足的创新资源。实际上,创新的每一个环节都需要相匹配的资金支持。从技术创新的关键环节及流程来看,和研发阶段相匹配的资金主要是风险资本、种子基金及孵化基金;与产业化阶段相匹配的主要是产业资本提供的产业基金;与扩规模、打品牌、开拓市场阶段相匹配的主要是各种金融资本。为了解决中小企业的创新资金短缺问题,政府应为企业开展自主创新活动提供优惠政策和创新基金,降低企业的创新成本,缓解企业资金压力。构建激励企业主动开展创新的利益驱动机制,培育发展多层次资本市场,为技术创新提供融资渠道和资本市场的强大支撑。

改革技术创新成果评价体系。科学的评价体系对推动技术创新、优化创新资源配置、提高科技管理水平具有重大现实意义。针对目前我国技术评价体系僵化的情况,应建立一套以市场为导向的综合评价方法,侧重于评价技术创新成果所取得的经济效益和社会效益。首先,应改变现有评价体系过度强调高新技术的倾向,给所有有价值的技术创新成果以应有地位。其次,科学调整成果评价标准,改变以往过度追求科研成果数量而忽视质量的情况,加强对科研成果质量的评价。第三,完善评价程序,增加透明度,扩大评价范围,将更多符合市场需求的高质量、应用性成果纳入评价体系。

为技术创新营造良好外部环境。市场信息不充分、不正当竞争是妨碍企业自主创新的主要因素。因此,必须切实落实“市场决定资源配置”这一重要原则,通过全面深化改革和推进制度创新,破除影响和制约企业自主创新的体制机制障碍。有关政府部门应合理运用价格、数量管制和质量控制等手段,管理市场主体、市场客体和市场载体,抑制垄断和不正当竞争,提高市场效率。应建立公平竞争审查制度,防止政府过度和不当干预市场,大力消除影响公平竞争、妨碍创新的各种制度束缚,维护公平竞争的市场秩序,为技术创新营造良好外部环境。

(作者单位:西安外国语大学商学院)

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