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原标题:“边睡觉边学习”,这个可以有 特定睡眠阶段可能形成新记忆
英国《自然·通讯》杂志近日发表的一项神经科学研究显示,在特定睡眠阶段可能形成新的记忆。脑电波监测发现,快速眼动睡眠(REM)或轻度的非快速眼动睡眠(NREM)有益于学习;而深度NREM会抑制人学习新知识的能力。以上发现或有助于我们更深入了解不同睡眠阶段的功能。
过去已有研究对人类能否在睡眠期间学习展开考察,结果却各有不同:一部分答案是肯定的;而另一部分称无法提供证据,证明睡眠期间可以形成新的记忆。
法国巴黎高等师范学校研究人员认为,之所以产生这种不一致情况,是因为不同睡眠阶段的脑活动类型是不一样的。其中关键就是REM期,这一过程中脑电波频率变快、振幅变低,是大脑非常活跃的阶段。
为了检验这个假设,研究团队对睡眠中的被试者的脑活动进行监测,向他们播放不同的声音片段。等被试者醒来后,测试他们识别睡眠期间听到声音的能力。最终,在REM期间听到声音片段的被试者在测试中表现良好;而在深度NREM期间听到声音片段的,则没有这样的效果。
通过分析被试者夜间对声音的响应,论文作者认为已能够证实REM期间的学习效果。但在NREM期间,他们观察到轻度NREM和深度NREM之间存在明显差异——在前一种情况下,学习是可能的;而在后一种情况下,学习受到抑制。
综合而言,以上研究结果不仅表明人们可以在睡眠期间学习,而且还有助于了解一般记忆过程以及它们在不同睡眠阶段的变化。(记者张梦然)
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