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激发“网络文学+”的创新活力 建立更完善评价体系

2017-08-14 11:08:22   中国青年网

实现“网络文学+”良性发展,需要建立起更为完善的评价体系,提升整个行业的知识产权意识,同时营造更为健康向上的互联网环境、夯实自身的文化基因

网络文学出现在中国互联网世界已有20个年头。日前,首届中国“网络文学+”大会在北京召开,吸引人们思考网络文学的使命与未来。而本届大会“网络正能量、文学新高峰”的主题,也意图引导网络文学正向发展,构建网络文学发展生态圈。

由最初的网友自娱自乐,到如今由网络小说转化出版图书,改编为影视作品、游戏、动漫及相关产品,进而带火大众娱乐市场,打造出“互联网+”的庞大产业,网络文学在中国的发展令人惊叹。中国互联网络信息中心不久前发布的《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示,截至今年6月,网络文学用户规模达到3.53亿,其中手机网络文学用户规模为3.27亿。经过20年培育,中国网络文学市场实现了内容和用户层面的双爆发。与此同时,随着网文IP对影视、游戏等行业的影响力不断加强,网络文学已经进入融合发展时代。

网络文学的异军突起,根植于文学的多元空间。作为一种原创文学和大众文学,网络文学表达比较自由、题材更加丰富,从其出现之日就吸引了为数众多的读者。很多人是从痞子蔡的《第一次亲密接触》开始,感受到网络文学的魅力,此后又出现了诸如仙侠、盗墓、探险、玄幻、穿越等多种类型题材,诞生了《悟空传》《鬼吹灯》《甄嬛传》《诛仙》《步步惊心》等一批网络爆款小说。目前,网络文学已经实现了多点输出,比如今年的超级剧集《春风十里不如你》《军师联盟》等,已经实现了影视作品和网络文学的内容联动,观众在追剧的同时也能阅读原著小说,实现了以网文IP为核心的全链路生态。

作为一种商业模式,“网络文学+”的成功有赖于中国社会文化消费需求的水涨船高,以及移动互联技术的快速发展。尤其是近年来移动互联技术的发展,拆除了横亘在写作者与读者之间无形的墙,扩大了供需两端的需求与空间。2003年,起点中文网率先创建了读者按章付费的商业模式,此后,打赏、月票等付费模式逐渐完善,并为各大文学网站所借鉴,从而使网络文学的读者也参与到作品创作过程中。如今,网络文学已经探索出成熟的商业模式,写手变现获利的途径愈发丰富,部分“大神”的年收入已远超传统文学作者;各个环节被重塑,分工明确,建立起完整的产业链条。

与此同时也要看到,开拓“网络文学+”更为广阔的前景,依然任重道远。目前很多网络文学作品套路化严重,创作数量虽多但精品太少,抄袭、借鉴现象泛滥,侵权成本过低。部分写手为了流量而打擦边球,低俗、色情等现象,亦有损网络文学的形象。而且,如今网络文学整体热衷于架空、玄幻、穿越等幻想类型,缺乏对现实的观照,脱离现实社会基础,显得根基不稳,读起来虽然很过瘾,社会价值却很有限。因此,越来越多的业内人士认识到,实现“网络文学+”良性发展,当务之急要建立起更为完善的评价体系,提升整个行业的知识产权意识,同时营造更为健康向上的互联网环境、夯实自身的文化基因。

近年来,一大批中国网络小说走出国门,赢得了世界各地的拥趸,仅英文翻译网站Wuxiaworld就有100多个国家和地区的读者跟读,点击量超过5亿。这一巨大的影响力和传播力,是当代中国文化创造力的一个侧影,同时也启示我们,面对“网络文学+”的无限可能,我们更应树立文化自信,释放出更多文化创造力,让网络文学拥有我们时代的使命感,多出精品,为文化中国做出自己的贡献。

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