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“南海行为准则”框架达成意义重大 局势向好仍需各方呵护
国际在线报道(记者 李修莉):本月8日,东盟轮值主席国、菲律宾外长卡耶塔诺在总结东盟系列外长会成果时表示,南海的和平稳定最为重要,各国在南海主权问题上有争议,但不能让争议影响到国家间的良好关系。目前中国与东盟国家正在沿着积极的轨道前行。在刚刚结束的东盟系列外长会议期间,中国与东盟国家达成“南海行为准则”框架,将南海问题重新拉回当事方对话协商解决的轨道。但专家指出,未来关于“准则”磋商的良好氛围仍需各方共同维护。
8月2日至8日,东盟外长会、东盟与中日韩(10+3)外长会、东亚峰会外长会、东盟地区论坛等一系列会议在菲律宾首都马尼拉举行。在中国和东盟国家的共同努力下,东盟各国与中国达成“南海行为准则”框架,南海问题被重新拉回直接当事方对话协商解决的轨道。
然而,会议期间,美国、日本和澳大利亚三国却发表涉南海联合声明,再次提及南海军事化,甚至敦促中国、菲律宾两国遵守所谓“仲裁结果”。本月8日,菲律宾外长卡耶塔诺在总结东盟外长系列会议时被记者问及上述情况,于是,卡耶塔诺警告说,菲律宾是独立主权国家,不需要其他国家告诉菲律宾应该做什么。他说:“菲律宾是一个独立国家,我们会自己决定什么对我们有利。就像中国、俄罗斯不会教我们如何去解决和马来西亚、文莱、越南的领土争议一样,我希望这些国家也不要教我们怎么和中国打交道。”
卡耶塔诺表示,南海的和平稳定最为重要,菲律宾不希望南海再起争端。“南海行为准则”(COC)框架的达成表明,曾有分歧的各方可以开展合作。当地舆论认为,卡耶塔诺的表态一定意义上也代表着大多数东盟国家的共同意愿。
2002年,中国和东盟国家达成《南海各方行为宣言》,推动了地区局势朝着和平与稳定的方向发展。尽管一度遭遇波折,中国与东盟国家还是于今年(2017年)5月审议通过了“准则”框架,本月2日至8日的东盟外长会则是对达成“准则”框架的再认可和再确认。然而,会议期间,美日澳等一些国家却不断重提南海军事化等老调,干扰相关国家解决南海问题的努力。正如中国外交部长王毅所言,一些南海域外国家的认识还停留在过去:“这次系列会议有一个最鲜明的对比:一方面,包括中国在内的南海沿岸国家,都充分肯定南海局势积极向好的变化,充分肯定通过我们共同努力所取得的成果;但另一方面,南海以外的有些国家,不仅把他们的认识停留在过去,看不到南海局势发生的变化,也不想认同中国和东盟在南海问题上所取得的成果,甚至还在对外释放非常消极的信号。”
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