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小学一年级暑假作业“观月题”难倒天文专家引发争议
科学启蒙与月相知识,哪个更重要
今年本市小学一年级《暑假生活》的一道“观月题”难倒有些天文专家,引发争议。在天文专家看来,科学探究重要的不在于结果而是过程,从而引导孩子掌握实事求是、探明真相的方法。一些教育专家、一线老师认为,鼓励孩子观察周边变化、激发探究兴趣,远比月相知识本身更为重要。
科学作业莫留漏洞
“从现在开始,请你每晚7时至9时之间观察1次月亮,把看到的月亮形状画下来,坚持28天。”这是上海小学一年级《暑假生活》的一项作业,看上去是否简单又有趣?然而,这道题目却把上海市天文学会秘书长、中科院上海天文台科学传播工作室高级主管汤海明难住了。原来,根据天文规律,月球每天升起的时间都会比前一天推迟50分钟左右,也就是说,每个月约一半时间,月亮要到第二天凌晨甚至一早才升起,又在白天悄悄落下。孩子无法按照题目要求,在晚上7时至9时找到月亮的踪影。汤海明呼吁,要培养孩子的科学精神,还需出题者在每一个细节上都严谨细致。
翻开《暑假生活》,题目中补充说明,“如果那天下雨或者多云看不到月亮,可以先空着那一天不画。28天后,请你猜一猜,如果空着不画的那几天都能看到月亮,月亮可能是什么形状?把你猜测到的月亮形状补画上去,并在下面做一个记号。”汤海明提醒,这样的表述很容易造成误导。如果孩子认为无法看见月亮,只是因为下雨或者多云等天气原因,那就错了。
“如果孩子真的要根据自己的观察去完成月相图,恐怕只能熬夜不睡觉了。”汤海明坦言,借助搜索引擎或自然学科课本,“猜”出月相变化图并不难。但科学探究重要的不在于结果而是过程,从而引导孩子掌握实事求是、探明真相的方法。他建议,这份作业不妨加一小题,就会变得很有意思。“当你没有在晚上7时到9时的天空中看到月亮,想一想究竟是什么原因?”如此一来,也能让孩子定时定点仰望星空,做好记录和观测,而不是凭空想象。
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