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作业创新应遵循科学

2017-08-08 06:36:31   央广网

“从现在开始,请你每晚7点至9点之间观察一次月亮,把看到的月亮形状画下来,坚持28天。”这是上海小学一年级《暑假生活》的一项作业,看上去是否简单又有趣?然而,这道题目却把上海市天文学会秘书长、中科院上海天文台科学传播工作室高级主管汤海明难住了。原来,根据自然规律,月亮每天升起的时间都会比前一天推迟50分钟左右。也就是说,每个月约一半时间,月亮要在第二天凌晨甚至一早才升起,又在白天悄悄落下。孩子无法按照题目要求,在晚上7点至9点找到月亮的踪影。

客观地说,能为小学一年级学生布置这样的暑假题,出题者确实是用了心的。可没承想,这道题本身的合理性,在作为天文工作者的家长那里现了原形。按照这位家长的科普,学生们想必是无法按照要求完成这道题了。

教育创新,这一点在当前不断被强调。在实践层面,教育创新很大程度上便体现于出题时要打破传统的思维窠臼。该作业要求学生观察月亮形状的变化,应该也是这种创新思维的产物。只是,创新不意味着可以毫无边界。比如说,自然科学方面的题首先应保证题目本身要符合常识;而人文方面的题也该匹配孩子年龄阶段的思维习惯,不宜过度超前,否则很容易走向另一个极端。

想要考查学生的科学素养,出题者自己的科学素养反倒先被“曝光”,这无论如何都是一件尴尬的事。形式新颖,倡导开放思维,这样的出题方向是值得肯定的。问题是,教育者的出题态度,包括所出的题,应该讲究科学和逻辑。就拿这次观察月亮的作业来说,若不是被专业人士“揭穿”,迫于完成作业的需要,估计多数孩子只能通过“假装观察”来完成。

在中小学阶段,教育工作者作为孩子最开始的“知识权威”,大多是受到孩子无条件信任的。那么与这种绝对信任相对应,教育工作者理应在授业解惑的过程中,以负责的态度对得起这种最原始的信任。布置作业、出题,就该足够严谨,哪怕是照搬书籍上现成的作业,也该事先自己验证解答一下,找出可能的破绽。这既是为了维护教育工作者的权威,也是为了守住教育最该具有的常识和严谨态度。

这次具有漏洞的作业,还并非由哪个老师个人命题,而是源自作为暑假作业的《暑假生活》,按理应当展示出应有的严谨和专业态度。然而,类似的教材之失,在现实中并不少见。

不少人在学生时代都有这样一种想法:那些难倒自己的考题,要是让老师来解答,他们能拿多少分?这在过去往往被作为一种调侃来看待。到了讲究出题创新的今天,这个问题有被严肃对待的必要。出题创新是好,但不让创新变成一种“刁难”,不让创新本身违背常识和科学,教育工作者就该事先对考题有一番测试,至少做到自己心中有数。当然,具体的出题也好,平时的教育也罢,不管是在哪个环节,都该坚守基本的常识。

(原载《光明日报》,有删改)

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