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以基础性制度化解房地产泡沫风险

2017-08-08 06:34:18   中国青年网

对包括房地产泡沫在内的“灰犀牛”风险隐患要摸清情况,区分轻重缓急和影响程度,突出重点,采取有效措施,妥善加以解决

当租赁市场更加完善,承租人权益能够得到更好的保障时,租赁住房解决城镇居民特别是新市民住房问题的作用将得到更好发挥

通常,房地产泡沫不断积累的表现包括出售价格过高,出售价格快速、全面上涨,房屋销售急剧增长,以及抵押贷款大幅增加等。在我国房地产市场发展过程中,也曾多次出现房价快速上涨的情况。在房价快速上涨的过程中,房地产市场面临泡沫不断积聚的风险。

房地产泡沫破裂的危害很大。例如,房价大涨恶化收入分配,增加社会投机气氛并抑制企业创新积极性;过多信贷投向房地产将挤压实体经济投资;房价过高增加社会生产生活成本,容易引发产业空心化等。因此,应警惕并采取措施防范房地产泡沫风险。

2016年底举行的中央经济工作会议明确提出,“既抑制房地产泡沫,又防止出现大起大落”。中财办有关负责人近日表示,对包括房地产泡沫在内的“灰犀牛”风险隐患要摸清情况,区分轻重缓急和影响程度,突出重点,采取有效措施,妥善加以解决。

我国最近的一次热点城市房价过快上涨,出现在2016年国庆节至今年3月份,这期间多地陆续出台房地产市场调控政策,出台措施的城市之多,调控力度之大,创我国房地产市场发展20年来之最。

值得注意的是,出台调控措施的城市不仅限于传统热点城市,一些热点城市周边区域,为抑制市场过热也适时出台了相关调控措施,足见调控的决心。在对房地产市场调控的过程中,许多城市注重供需两端发力,为房地产市场降虚火。在实施限购等政策的同时,北京、上海等地加大了土地供应量,如北京未来几年自住型商品房的供应将不断增加。

在因地制宜、因城施策的房地产调控政策作用下,热点城市市场降温,商品住房成交量出现回落,价格逐步趋稳。国家统计局公布的最新数据显示,6月份,15个一线和热点二线城市房地产市场继续保持稳定态势。从同比看,15个城市新建商品住宅价格涨幅均比上月回落。70个大中城市中一二线城市房价同比涨幅连续回落,一线城市房价环比下降。

中国人民银行近日发布的数据显示,上半年我国房地产信贷增长势头回落,个人住房贷款抵借比率(抵押贷款金额与抵押品价值之比)和期限均有所下降。央行有关负责人表示,这些变化有利于抑制房地产泡沫,促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。

我国房地产市场经历了20年左右的快速发展,整个房地产行业为经济社会的发展作出了重要贡献。但房地产行业仍有很多顽疾没有解决。“要坚持‘房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的’这一定位,综合运用金融、土地、财税、投资、立法等手段,加快研究建立符合国情、适应市场规律的基础性制度和长效机制。”中央经济工作会议为未来的房地产市场指明了方向。应该明确的是,基础性制度和长效机制,是从根本上解决房地产顽疾和化解房地产泡沫风险的有效途径。

未来,租购并举的住房供应体系也将逐步构建。近一两年来,我国多次出台加快发展住房租赁市场的意见。当租赁市场更加完善,承租人权益能够得到更好保障的时候,租赁住房解决城镇居民特别是新市民住房问题的作用将得到更好发挥。住房租赁市场的发展也必将在平抑房价中起到一定作用。

此外,要清醒地认识到,基础性制度和长效机制的建立绝非是短期就能实现的。眼下,限购、限贷等调控措施仍发挥着不可替代的作用。在未来我国房地产市场的发展中,必须加紧建立基础性制度和长效机制,以促进房地产市场长期平稳健康发展。

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