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比尔·埃莫特:西方制度的脆弱不可否认

2017-08-07 10:40:23   参考消息网

核心提示:作为支撑日本和欧美发达国家繁荣的基础,“平等”和“开放”正处于衰退的危机之中。

参考消息网8月7日报道 日本《钻石》周刊7月29日一期文章专访了英国《经济学人》周刊前主编比尔·埃莫特。比尔·埃莫特是著名的知日派。他在最新著作《西方的命运:挽救世界上最成功的政治理念之战》中发出警告称,作为支撑日本和欧美发达国家繁荣的基础,“平等”和“开放”正处于衰退的危机之中。世界和日本将如何变化?

西方繁荣的基础处于衰退

《钻石》问:您在《西方的命运》中指出,支撑西方繁荣的两个关键词“平等”和“开放”如今正处于衰退的危机之中。那么,衰退的契机是什么?

埃莫特答:导火索是2008年雷曼兄弟公司破产引发的金融危机。

金融危机引发的问题在全世界蔓延,导致很多人收入减少,儿童失去教育和福利机会,最终导致人们失去对未来的希望。另一方面,作为元凶的金融机构高管和富裕阶层得以幸存,责任人并没有受到惩罚。蒙受损失的主要是低收入群体。很多人看到眼下的情形,开始对西方市场机制产生疑问。

这种影响进而扩大到政治领域,作为西方繁荣基础的平等和开放也信誉扫地,正处于危险状态。

今后日本和欧美发达国家会再次认可平等和开放的价值并坚持下去吗?还是经济和政治都迎来长期凋零的时代?现在可以说是转折点。

问:差距扩大也是全世界共同面临的问题。

答:我认为,差距扩大是因“平等缺失”而产生的。

很多人觉得,雷曼兄弟公司破产后,富裕阶层毫发无损,而自己遭受损失,这说明富裕层在政治上拥有很大力量。

美国特朗普总统在选举战中强调“为了被忘却的美国人”,从而得到了支持。

问:您认为日本的平等和开放也处于危机状况吗?

答:我认为,日本的平等也正在衰退。收入差距趋于扩大,贫困率上升。较为显著的问题是,非正式员工不断增加,与正式员工分裂开来。非正式员工一直处于不稳定状态。

不过,日本的开放没有衰退,也没有像美国和英国那样朝着封闭的方向发展。遗憾的是,开放也没有进一步扩大,也就是说日本的开放处于“停滞”状态。日本今后要想继续发展,有必要让经济具有感染力。因此,加强开放是十分重要的。

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