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12名老师轮流每周走山路 为13岁残疾孩子上课

2017-08-07 10:01:21   央广网

不久前,一则消息让人感动也让人心酸:浙江淳安一所乡村小学,12名老师3年来轮流每周走8.5公里山路,去为一个13岁的残疾孩子上课。“一个人的轮椅课堂”,照见教师的伟大,也照见残疾孩子受教育的问题。

这是个世界性难题,对于中国这样的发展中国家来说,尤其如此。长期以来,我国的残疾少儿教育经费与师资短缺,中西部农村地区特别是边远贫困地区基础薄弱,保障残疾少儿入学更是难上加难。近年来,我国在这方面有了长足进步:从特教与普教相对分离,过渡到特殊教育与“随班就读”相结合的融合教育;从主要由教育部和残疾人联合会负责,发展到政府主导、多部门协同合作;从过去的群体关照,精细到“一人一案”的个性化服务;从以往只统计视力、听力、智力的残疾少儿,到将孤独症、脑瘫、多重残疾等统计进来。“全覆盖、零拒绝”,不仅是要求,也在慢慢变成现实,这样的成绩殊属不易。

日前,教育部等七部门又印发了《第二期特殊教育提升计划(2017—2020年)》,提出了到2020年我国残疾儿童少年义务教育入学率达到95%以上的目标。这意味着,我国残疾少儿义务教育将从“基本普及”发展到“全面普及”,入学率指标从90%提升到95%,达到世界较高水平。这是继今年初通过新修订的《残疾人教育条例》后,我国8500多万残疾人,尤其是几百万残疾儿童收到的又一份礼物。

从“基本普及”到“全面普及”,看似指标提高得不多,但国家和社会要为此付出的努力却不少。因为这意味着,国家把残疾人自我成长的需求放在了第一位,由此出发去改革一些深层次的体制机制问题。比如,强化特殊教育的资源配置,真正保障全国30万以上人口的行政县都有至少一所特殊教育学校;夯实经费保障机制,加大财政投入,提高残疾学生资助水平,不让残疾少儿因为家庭经济困难对学校“望而却步”;也要加强特教教师培养,切实解决“谁来教”、能否“教得好”的根本问题。

从经济成本看,特殊教育可能是更昂贵的教育,从投入产出比看也不算高。然而,从教育的维度打量,我们会发现,针对残疾少儿的特殊教育或许是距教育本质最近的教育学科。它不仅集教育学、医学、社会学、伦理学于一身,更需要教育工作者真正从人性的角度去看待每一个孩子,没有考分、没有排名,不消极、不漠视、不急躁,尊重差异、尊重失败。这其中,蕴藏着教育的本原,也绽放着教育的理想。

对国家和社会而言,残疾的存在,也能让健全人懂得换一种视角看待生活,不仅看到失去的,更加珍惜已经获得的。在享受科技与社会进步的成果时,懂得礼待“弱小”、和谐同生、珍惜回报……而这些,正是在高速发展、竞争激烈的现代社会中,最容易忽略却又最为重要的人性基础。

从这个意义上讲,特殊教育是给所有人的礼物。对残疾人的关照,不意味着健全人群的一味付出,全社会在更高层面都会有收获。当一个社会,无论身体是否有缺陷,每个人在基本公共服务方面都受到同等水平的照顾,那么国家和社会将会拥有无与伦比的凝聚力、向心力,并有足够的自信去面对一切困难和挑战。

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