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“三个一”诠释生态经(守望相助七十载 壮美亮丽内蒙古)

2017-08-05 04:34:46   中国青年网

一位治沙“愚公”,用汗水和执着换来沙地披绿、人沙和谐;

一株紫花苜蓿草,既编织成草原绿毯,又串起富民产业链;

一个特别机构,锡林郭勒盟生态委创新机制看护好美丽大草原……

15天时间,5000多公里行程,掠过层层绿色,记者穿越半个内蒙古,求解内蒙古生态文明建设之道仍感困难:北方生态安全屏障,靠什么构筑?或许从这“三个一”里,可以找到最生动的注脚。

一个人的治沙故事

以退为进保“红线”

寻访一个人,来到多伦县多伦诺尔镇新民村。村口北望,17年前曾是漫天黄沙,如今已是满眼绿色。

村民马云平的双手满是老茧,握着又干又硬。恰是这双手,17年时间,把眼前的3700亩沙地变成了绿洲。

这里地处浑善达克沙地南缘,以前春季大风天,黄沙漫漫、遮天蔽日。“当时就想,再也不能窝在沙窝子里过日子了。即便没有收入,也要为子孙留下一片绿色。”马云平说。

尽管村民不看好、妻子反对,马云平仍毅然响应县里号召承包荒沙治理。他把树枝截成短棒,先扦插网格沙障,再埋上草籽,然后在沙带上种植柠条、黄柳等。14个流动沙丘先后变成了固定沙丘,3700亩沙地逐渐长满了樟子松、榆树、山杏等。

马云平不是一个人在战斗。我国四大沙地均分布在内蒙古境内,生态极为脆弱。“20多年前,气候干旱,河流干涸,加上超载放牧、过度开垦,造成科尔沁沙地沙化严重。”通辽市林业局副局长包宝军回忆:那时他在乡镇工作,造林现场风沙大时,吃一口饭,半口是沙。

包宝军说,这些年,全市用大工程带动大规模治理,乔、灌、草结合,10年治理了2000多万亩沙化地,整个区域的气候和生态都得到改善。以前沙中找绿,现在绿中找沙;以前与沙鏖战,现在人沙和谐,“大漠风尘日色昏”的景象已成过去。

如果说治沙是生态建设主动“进军”,那么内蒙古实施退耕还草还林,则是以“退”为进。内蒙古将10.2亿亩可利用草原全部纳入保护和奖补范围,禁牧休牧4.05亿亩、草畜平衡6.15亿亩,每年完成草原建设4500万亩以上。目前全区天然草原植被盖度达44%,已接近上个世纪80年代中期最好水平。

坐落在根河源湿地公园内的停伐纪念碑上,交叉的斧锯象征着“挂锯停斧”。两年前的3月31日,随着最后一棵天然林落叶松轰然倒下,内蒙古大兴安岭林区长达63年的天然林商业性采伐历史画上了句号。

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