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内蒙古基础设施建设巡礼:延伸的七张网 拓展的七十年

2017-08-04 07:09:01   中国经济网

1947年4月,内蒙古中西部的代表乘坐勒勒车(也叫“大辘轳车”,是蒙古族牧民使用的一种传统交通工具),整整走了半个月才赶上5月1日在乌兰浩特举行的内蒙古自治区成立大典。2017年6月20日,“庆祝内蒙古自治区成立70周年中央媒体采访团”东线小分队8点钟从呼和浩特乘机出发,3个小时后就传回了比乌兰浩特更远的呼伦贝尔采访视频。

70年来,随着航空网、铁路网、公路网、水利网、能源网、市政网、通讯网等“七网”的稳步建设,118万平方公里的内蒙古大地已经建成数小时内的“生活圈”。

波浪形外观的巴彦淖尔市黄河水利文化博物馆静静地坐落于黄河岸边,记载着内蒙古水利网建设的历史。“内蒙古河套总干渠俗称‘二黄河’,是河套灌区一首制引水工程的重要组成部分,全长230公里,担负着河套灌区800多万亩农田灌溉的输配水任务。”博物馆馆长刘永河说,“总干渠于1958年11月动工开挖。由于灌溉需求迫切,1959年自治区决定把土方施工任务交给巴彦淖尔市完成。经计算,按日出工3万人,需4年才能完成设计土方任务。当时,全市上下齐参与,提前实现了总干渠全线通水。1961年建成了三盛公枢纽,以后几年建设与生产相结合,陆续建成了总干渠第一、二、三、四分水枢纽等,1967年全线通水到三湖河。”

黄河工程顺利实施,带动了内蒙古境内辽河、嫩江等大江大河防洪抗旱功能的完善。目前,内蒙古大江大河堤防总长度达到7400公里,建成水库613座,有效解决了工程型缺水和资源型缺水问题。地上水利网不断延伸的同时,空中的能源网也快速发展。全区已建成11条500千伏外送电通道,外送电能力2600万千瓦。2015年,全区外送电量1396亿千瓦时,位居全国第一,占全国跨省送电量的17%。建成油气长输管道29条,管道总里程7936公里。

与此同时,铁路网、公路网、航空网、市政网、信息通讯网则更多地服务三产,改善着人们的生活。正如自治区党委书记李纪恒所说,“火车一响,黄金万两。高铁一通,转换时空。完善的基础设施体系是经济社会现代化的重要标志”。

70年来,内蒙古把基础设施投资作为经济增长的有效供给和有效需求,积极改善地区形象、提升区域竞争能力。1947年初,内蒙古铁路运营总里程只有1800公里,到2016年,全区铁路总里程达到13700公里。自治区成立之初,内蒙古公路运营总里程仅有1021公里,到2016年,全区公路通车总里程突破19万公里。1947年内蒙古没有机场,到2016年乌兰察布集宁机场建成通航,自治区12个盟市实现了民航运输机场全覆盖。此外,自治区城镇基础设施水平显著提升,城镇道路、供水、排污、燃气、供热和地下综合管廊日益完善。信息基础设施建设更新换代,从“村村通电话”到“乡乡能上网”再到“宽带内蒙古”,内蒙古高水平铺就信息高速公路。7月10日,自治区出台了基础设施“七网”建设规划,延伸“七网”、升级“七网”的新一轮热潮正滚滚而来。

泛舟乌海湖上,但见沙鸥翔集,锦鳞游泳,令人心旷神怡。黄河海勃湾水利枢纽工程的兴建,形成了118平方公里的乌海湖,黄河海勃湾水利枢纽管理局工程管理处副处长赵胜利自豪地说,“水利枢纽可有效减轻黄河内蒙古段的防凌压力,圆了乌海人的安澜之梦。如今,乌海市在枢纽工程上布置了水电站,装机总容量9万千瓦,年平均发电量达到3.82亿千瓦时。开发的水上旅游项目,吸引成千上万的游客‘来沙漠看海’。乌海湖正好是自治区总面积的万分之一,但种种景象也道不尽内蒙古70年沧桑巨变之万一”。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 陈 力)

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