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【理上网来•热点解析】上合组织进入新的发展机遇期

2017-06-10 21:31:44   光明网

作者:中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所党委书记、中国社会科学院上合组织研究中心执行主任 李进峰

6月8日,习近平主席在阿斯塔纳同哈萨克斯坦总统纳扎尔巴耶夫举行会谈,习主席此次出访还将参加上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十七次会议。会议期间,习近平主席将同其他成员国领导人签署并发表《阿斯塔纳宣言》,发表会议《新闻公报》,签署《上海合作组织反极端主义公约》等文件以及给予印度、巴基斯坦上海合作组织成员国地位等决议。同时,本次上合峰会有两个主要议题,一是探讨上海合作组织发展现状、任务和前景,二是就国际和地区重大问题交换意见。可以说,主席此次出访为推动上合组织维护地区稳定、促进共同发展繁荣、推动国际秩序向国家公正合理的方向发展发挥作用,将推动上合组织发展进入新时期。

第一,上合组织在已经发布《上海合作组织成立十五周年塔什干宣言》的情况下,依然注重深入研究上合组织发展现状、任务和前景。这主要基于四个因素。

一是旧的国际政治经济秩序在衰退。当前,逆全球化思潮抬头,区域一体化与碎片化交织共生,以美国为首主导的旧的政治经济秩序在衰退。典型代表就是特朗普在宣布退出TPP后,近日又宣布退出有关全球减排的《巴黎协定》,凸显美国保护主义抬头。

二是地区安全形势面临新的挑战。从国际范围来看,极端主义、恐怖主义势力依然猖獗。去年以来,国际恐怖主义在欧洲肆虐,制造了一系列恐怖暴力袭击事件,对上合组织区域产生一定的冲击与负面影响。从内部看,上合组织依然面临“三股势力”威胁,地区稳定形势不容懈怠。

三是成员国经济增长面临压力。现在,世界经济复苏缓慢,新的增长动力向东方转移。但是,受世界金融危机和乌克兰危机影响,上合组织和金砖国家区域等新兴经济体发展也充满挑战和不确定性。同时,虽然“一带一路”倡议和上合组织成员国的发展战略对接已经进入务实阶段,但各成员国发展战略对接进展还不平衡,需要时间进行适应与调整。

四是扩员带来机遇,也带来新挑战。本次峰会将批准给予印度和巴基斯坦成员国地位,意味着上合组织成员国从6个增加到8个。上合组织新8国亮相,标志着上合组织成立以来首次扩员的成功。扩员必将为上合组织带来新机遇,促使上合组织进入新的发展机遇期。原因有以下几点:一是经济上,成员国从占世界GDP的16%增加到25%;二是人口上,从占世界的25%增加到44%;三是区域上,从中亚地区拓展到南亚、西亚;四是影响力上,上合组织的国际地位提升、区域影响力和国际影响力增大,必将发展成为发展中国家和新兴国家的代表;五是市场空间上,扩员后形成更大的区域市场空间,在更大范围内与“一带一路”倡议对接。同时,也要看到扩员带来的新挑战。印巴作为新成员加入后,很可能会有一段“磨合期”。这段时期,需要解决好至少四个层面的问题,一是印巴必须严格遵守成员国业已达成的相关规定。二是逐步解决印巴之间的矛盾和问题。三是逐步解决中印之间的矛盾和问题。四是印巴与所有成员国之间要建立睦邻友好关系。而这些很难在短时间内一蹴而就,需要成员国共同努力,求同存异,凝聚共识。

第二,上合组织成员国之间发展战略对接将促进“一带一路”建设的推进。习近平主席提出的“共商、共建、共享”合作理念和构建“人类命运共同体”的倡议,将对“丝绸之路经济带”的沿线国家,尤其是上合组织区域的成员国产生影响。上合组织在发展中,已经探索出一定经验,如中俄实施“一带一盟”对接,中哈实施“丝绸之路经济带”与“光明大道”对接。在此引领下,其他成员国的发展战略对接也将相继跟进。

第三,上合组织成员国签署《上海合作组织反极端主义公约》意义重大。去年以来,欧洲成为恐怖主义、极端主义重灾区,中亚、南亚、西亚地区的反恐压力也不轻松。在这样的背景下,成员国签署反极端主义公约,充分显示成员国之间的政治互信增强,始终把维护地区安全稳定列为上合组织的首要任务。公约的签署使成员国在上合组织区域内进一步打击极端主义等“三股势力”有了法律依据,将对维护地区稳定将发挥重要作用,将为维护国际社会安全稳定作出重大贡献。

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