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【专家谈】上合组织阿斯塔纳峰会继往开来结硕

2017-06-10 21:31:44   法制网

法制网特约评论员 苏 畅

2017年6月8-9日,上海合作组织元首理事会第十七次会议在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳举行,与会领导人签署了《上海合作组织成员国元首阿斯塔纳宣言》、《上海合作组织成员国元首关于共同打击国际恐怖主义的声明》等重要文件。峰会特别强调,“上合组织旨在维护本组织各国所在地区的安全和稳定,共同应对新威胁和新挑战,加强经贸、人文合作,挖掘各国及各国人民睦邻合作的巨大潜力,已成为公认的权威多边组织”。此次峰会对上海合作组织审视自身现状、展望未来发展具有继往开来的重要意义。

所谓“继往”,是因为今年是《上海合作组织宪章》签署15周年、《上海合作组织成员国长期睦邻友好合作条约》签署10周年,成员国元首高度评价上海合作组织成立以来的各项成就,强调2002年签署的《上海合作组织宪章》具有历史意义,这一纲领性文件体现了成员国以互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明、谋求共同发展的“上海精神”为基础,在各领域开展密切而富有成效合作的意愿。上海合作组织进入稳步发展的新阶段。

“开来”则体现在以下几个方面:

一是上海合作组织成立以来首次完成扩员进程,印度和巴基斯坦成为上海合作组织的正式成员国。扩员既是上海合作组织国际影响力的体现,同时也是机制建设不断完善的过程。2014年杜尚别峰会宣布扩员法律制定工作正式完成,2015年乌法峰会正式启动接纳印度和巴基斯坦程序,2016年塔什干峰会通过了印度和巴基斯坦加入上海合作组织义务的备忘录,经过一年来的各项机制准备,扩员工作有序进行,印巴加入本组织的程序完成,意味着上海合作组织机制建设的日臻完善。印巴的加入将扩大上海合作组织潜力,提升其作为解决地区当前重大问题、保障安全稳定和可持续发展的多边机制在国际舞台上的作用。阿斯塔纳峰会宣言强调,接收印度和巴基斯坦为成员国具有历史意义,上合组织扩员以及进一步深化与观察员国和对话伙伴合作,对发展和提升本组织潜力具有重要意义。

二是在极端主义肆虐全球、地区安全环境趋于恶化、上海合作组织周边恐怖主义挑战更为严峻的背景下,本次峰会签署的《上合组织反极端主义公约》更加突显重要意义。做为全球第一部“反极端主义”的国际公约,上海合作组织成员国对极端主义界定出标准,将有效推动成员国共同打击极端主义,对具有极端主义倾向宗教流派的破坏活动采取联合措施,并为世界其他国际组织和国家树立合作打击极端主义的典范。

三是“丝路精神”进一步丰富上海合作组织发展新内涵。“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛刚刚落幕,多数上合组织成员国、观察员国领导人参加了论坛,中国与“一带一路”沿线国家共商合作。上合组织作为“一带一路”对接的重要平台,也将发挥关键作用:上合组织机制化建设为本组织成员国在“一带一路”框架下的国家发展计划对接奠定法律基础;上合组织成员国各级别政治往来为“一带一路”政策沟通创造有利条件,为“一带一路”沿线国家接纳理解“共商共荣”发展理念提供沟通平台;上合组织在经济领域的务实机制为“一带一路”沿线国家深入合作创造对接平台。

上海合作组织阿斯塔纳峰会完成首次扩员、完善机制建设、共倡安全防务,展现出“恰同学少年,风华正茂”的活力之态。作为年轻的地区性国际组织,上海合作组织在不断发展、完善之中。此次习主席出访哈萨克斯坦并出席上海合作组织阿斯塔纳峰会,重回“一带一路”首倡之地,涵义深远。“丝路精神”与“上海精神”交相辉映,为此次峰会点亮异彩。

(作者系中国社会科学院中俄战略协作高端合作智库办副主任)

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